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Christel Bidet-Ildei Manuel Gimenes Lucette Toussaint Sophie-Anne Beauprez Arnaud Badets 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2017,29(7):821-831
Studies have revealed a close relationship between action–word processing and the detection of point-light biological movements and that this effect can be modulated by the context of action-verb presentation. The goal of the present study was to further examine the extent to which motor representation activation plays a role in this relationship by testing the influence of painless/painful sentence understanding during a listening task. Participants judged the presence or absence of a point-light biological movement that was embedded in a scrambled mask after a congruent or incongruent action sentence was presented. The sentences varied according to the context of action-verb presentation (painful, painless). Perceptual judgments of human movements improved after a prior presentation of a congruent action sentence but only in the painless context. Thus, our findings show that pain included in a semantic context of sentence presentation can preclude the relationship between action–word understanding and point-light biological movement judgments. 相似文献
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Kendler KS Eaves LJ Loken EK Pedersen NL Middeldorp CM Reynolds C Boomsma D Lichtenstein P Silberg J Gardner CO 《Psychological science》2011,22(10):1343-1352
Symptoms of anxiety and depression are relatively stable over time. Can this stability be explained by genetic influences, or is it caused by the long-lasting effects of accumulating environmental experiences? To address this question, we analyzed longitudinally assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression in eight samples of monozygotic twins of widely varying ages. These samples were drawn from American and European population-based registries. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we examined individual differences and individual changes in the level of symptoms over time. This method enabled us to decompose the variance into the predictable variance shared by both members of each pair of twins, the differences between individuals within pairs, and the residual variance. We then modeled how these components of individual variation changed over time. Within pairs, the twins' predicted levels of symptoms increasingly diverged from childhood until late adulthood, at which point the divergence ceased. By middle adulthood, environmental experiences contributed substantially to stable and predictable interindividual differences in levels of anxiety and depression. 相似文献
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The present research focused on how patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) produce handwriting sequences. PD patients who were on/off medication or deep brain stimulation treatments had to write lll and lln trigrams. We evaluated their ability to anticipate on-line the last letter in the trigram. The results revealed that in PD patients, contrary to healthy participants, the percentage of time taken by the down-stroke of the second l did not vary as a function of the spatial constraints of the following letter (l or n). In other words, the handwriting of the PD patients did not exhibit any sign of motor anticipation. However, under treatment, PD patients exhibited similar results to healthy participants despite no improvement in movement variability. Taken together these results do not seem consistent with the hypothesis that PD patients do not anticipate future movements because of their movement variability. They are more in agreement with theories that postulate that PD patients have a general deficit in the parallel processing of the components of a motor sequence. 相似文献
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Christel Marais 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2016,26(3):237-245
This study investigated workplace relational connectedness qualities in terms of domestic worker employment in a South African setting. Twenty black female domestic workers were recruited through purposive respondent-driven self-sampling. Participants ranged in age from 27 to 59 years. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to generate the data. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to foreground the thematic data analysis. Caring and connectedness emerged as the main theme that characterised participants’ positive employment relationships. Identified sub-themes related to participants’ experience of their employment context, work engagement and treatment, psychosocial well-being and communication. The findings are consistent with the broaden-and-build theory which proposes a positive behavioural cycle which results from reciprocal actions. 相似文献
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Cecilia Fagerström Christel Borg Cristian Balducci Vanessa Burholt Clare G. Wenger Dieter Ferring Germain Weber Göran Holst Ingalill R. Hallberg 《Applied research in quality of life》2007,2(1):33-50
Life satisfaction is a concept frequently used to measure wellbeing of older people. However, there is still a lack of cross-national
comparative research investigating factors associated with life satisfaction. There may be unique and common factors associated
with life satisfaction across European countries. This study aimed to investigate life satisfaction among people aged 60–89 years
in six European countries in relation to health problems, ADL capacity, self-esteem, social and financial resources. A cross-sectional
study was performed, including 7,699 people aged 60–89 years, in Sweden, the UK, The Netherlands, Luxemburg, Austria and Italy,
participating in the European Study of Adult Wellbeing, using questions from the Older Americans Resources and Services schedule,
Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire, Life Satisfaction Index Z and Rosenberg’s Self-esteem scale. Logistic
regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with life satisfaction in the six national samples. In cases
where people were less satisfied with their life it was fairly satisfactory and unsatisfactory social contacts (Odds Ratio
(OR) 1.5–13.8), poor financial resources (OR 1.7–15.1), feeling greatly hindered by health problems (OR 2.2–5.4) and self-esteem
(OR 2.1–5.1) rather than the ability to perform activities of daily living and the extent of social contacts that gave the
greatest risk of low life satisfaction in all the six European countries. There were both common and country-specific factors
important for life satisfaction in the six European countries. However, the importance of satisfactory social contacts, financial
resources, self-esteem and feeling hindered by health problems seems universal in the six included countries and thus important
to target in preventive interventions. 相似文献
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Previous studies investigating the ability of high priority stimuli to grab attention reached contradictory outcomes. The present study used eye tracking to examine the effect of the presence of the self-face among other faces in a visual search task in which the face identity was task-irrelevant. We assessed whether the self-face (1) received prioritized selection (2) caused a difficulty to disengage attention, and (3) whether its status as target or distractor had a differential effect. We included another highly familiar face to control whether possible effects were self-face specific or could be explained by high familiarity. We found that the self-face interfered with the search task. This was not due to a prioritized processing but rather to a difficulty to disengage attention. Crucially, this effect seemed due to the self-face’s familiarity, as similar results were obtained with the other familiar face, and was modulated by the status of the face since it was stronger for targets than for distractors. 相似文献
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Christel G. Rutte 《European journal of social psychology》1998,28(2):275-280
A study is reported examining how motivation to detect salary discrimination influences its detection depending on the difficulty of the detection task. Subjects were presented with information about the qualifications and salaries of female and male managers in 10 departments of a hypothetical company. This information was created so that female managers were undercompensated relative to their qualifications. The main dependent variable was subjects' ratings of gender discrimination. Independent variables were motivation and task difficulty. Based on Hull's drive theory an interaction effect was predicted and found: when the judgement task was easy, more gender discrimination was detected when motivation to detect discrimination was high rather than low, whereas when the judgement task was difficult, more gender discrimination was detected when motivation to detect discrimination was low rather than high. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The Ethics of “Smart Drugs”: Moral Judgments About Healthy People's Use of Cognitive-Enhancing Drugs
Christel Scheske 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(6):508-515
What moral concerns are relevant when judging the use of cognitive-enhancing (CE) drugs by healthy people? University students evaluated competitive fairness, distributive fairness, peer pressure, naturalness, and dosage form. Participants condemned CE drug use when there were long-term negative effects on health and when CE drug use was seen to provide an unfair advantage in an exam situation to someone while others were not taking the drugs. Further, participants judged CE drug use more harshly if the drugs were artificial rather than natural and if they were in the form of an injection rather than a pill, suggesting that moral intuitions relating to purity also influence opinions on CE drugs. 相似文献