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971.
The goal of this research is to describe the visual search patterns for diverse traffic signs. Twelve drivers of both genders and different driving experience levels took part in real driving research with an instrumented car provided with an eye-tracking system. Looking at signs has a weak relation with speed reduction in cases where actual driving speed was higher. Nevertheless, among the people who looked at the sign, the percentage of those who reduce the speed below the limit is greater than of those who do not look at the sign. Guide traffic signs, particularly those mounted over the road, are more frequently glanced at than speed limit signs, with a glance duration of more than one second, in sequences of more than two consecutive fixations. Implications for driving and the possibilities and limitations of eye movement analysis for traffic sign research are discussed. 相似文献
972.
This study aims to discover whether observers with the same cultural background as the inhabitant of a bedroom perceive common characteristics among the inhabitants. The study was carried out with 107 females who were asked to assess the inhabitants of eight bedrooms. Several slides of each bedroom were shown to participants and they had to choose from a list of seventy-six characteristics those that defined the resident of each bedroom. Results revealed that socio-demographic variables thus attributed coincided with the profiles of the inhabitants. A correspondence analysis brought to light a dimension linked to affective aspects, which was more prominent among women; whereas among men the characteristics thus attributed were more linked to practical aspects and to difficulties for social interaction. A second study was conducted to determine whether gender stereotype had any influence on the result of the previous study. The outcomes showed that this stereotype did not have any effect on the participants' judgments. 相似文献
973.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between gender and sex with the sexual behavior of adolescents. The sample comprised 815 teenagers (M=15.65, Sd.=1.42). The assessment instruments were the BEM Sex Role Inventory, the Sexual Opinion Survey, the Questionnaire of Risk Perception of Bayés and a questionnaire designed for the study. The results revealed that the majority of adolescents do not match the traditional gender stereotypes, defining themselves as adrogynes (34.4%). The teenagers who are defined as adrogynes or masculine carry out more sexual behaviors, and who display more erotophilia. The need to include the variable "gender" as a category of analysis in research on sexual behavior is indicated. 相似文献
974.
推理测验与推理实验不同。推理测验用来衡量智商;而推理实验则用来研究推理的心理过程。测验旨在找出能力的个体差异;而实验则意在突出所有个体的一般性心理过程。近年来,心理学中的推理已经发生了变化,我们在理论进化方面简要地总结了如下这些变化:关注点从推理任务中的反应过程变为个体对不同任务做反应时的差异和其中稳定的反应模式,开始考虑不同推理者的组织差异和数量差异(犹如不同游泳运动员的游泳动作和肌肉数量)。然而,这些理论创新必须有精确的建模技术的支持。我们将以条件推理材料为例,展示了现代心理测量方法可以帮我们解决理论创新中产生的三类主要的研究问题。 相似文献
975.
Hélène Naud 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):333-342
This paper describes the predictive power of the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) within a male inmate population. The SPS scores of 1,047 inmates from 1995 to 1996 were compared against their suicidal behaviors in the following 10 years. The SPS probability score and the scores on its four subscales were found to be significantly higher in the group that engaged in
at least one of three types of suicidal behavior: suicide, non-lethal self-harm and serious suicidal intentions. However,
the SPS did not discriminate the inmates who went on to commit suicide. The SPS’s capacity to predict suicidal behavior proved limited in terms of sensitivity. In this regard, the SPS’s low and high risk levels correctly identified 36% of inmates who later engaged in suicidal behavior. The specificity was
0.85. These results confirm the SPS’s predictive power with male prisoners. These findings are the first to demonstrate the predictive validity of the SPS. 相似文献
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979.
Alden E. Gaertner Jamie L. Rathert Paula J. Fite Michael Vitulano Porché T. Wynn Jennifer Harber 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(5):607-616
Previous research demonstrates that aspects of parenting interact to influence child adjustment. We aimed to extend this research
by examining parenting strategies associated with behavioral control, specifically sources of parental knowledge regarding
child behavior (child disclosure, parental solicitation, parental control), as moderators of the relation between psychological
control and relational and physical/verbal aggression. Our sample included 89 children (56% male), ages 9–12. Consistent with
prior research on child adjustment, low child disclosure was the only source of parental knowledge associated with both relational
and physical/verbal aggression. Moreover, parental solicitation moderated the association between psychological control and
relational, but not physical, aggression. That is, at high levels of parental solicitation, psychological control and relational
aggression were positively related, whereas at low levels of parental solicitation, psychological control and relational aggression
were unrelated. Implications and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
980.
In two experiments that we conducted with adult (Experiment 1) and child (Experiment 2) participants, we experimentally controlled
the eyes' first fixation in the word using a variable viewing-position technique in a classical all-letter-coloring Stroop
procedure. We explored the impact of initial-fixation position (optimal viewing position [OVP] vs. end of the word) on the
magnitude of Stroop effects (both interference and facilitation). The results showed that both interference and facilitation
effects were reduced when the first fixation was located at the end of the word rather than at the OVP. These data make a
new contribution to the study of the role of low-level processes in Stroop effects and add support to the growing body of
research indicating that oculomotor processes can act as moderators of cognitive processes in the determination of Stroop
effects. 相似文献