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121.
In light of literature highlighting gender differences related to academic self-concept and depressed mood, this study explored the contributions of academic self-concept in individual subject areas to self-reported depressed mood in 86 elementary-age boys and girls from a province in central Canada. Results indicated that academic self-concept explained 68% and 62% of the variance in self-reported depressed mood for boys and girls, respectively. Separate analyses conducted for boys and girls indicated disparate predictive models that cohered with gender stereotypic self-perceptions: math for boys and reading for girls. Interestingly, physical education emerged as a significant contributor for boys and girls. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of addressing the relationship between children’s social-emotional self-perceptions and academic self-concept within domain-specific lenses. 相似文献
122.
The assumption that the contents of our conscious visual experience directly control our fine-tuned, real-time motor activity has been challenged by neurological and psychophysical evidence that suggest the two processes work semi-independently of each other. Clark [Clark, A. (2001). Visual experience and motor action: Are the bonds too tight? The Philosophical Review, 110, 495–519; Clark, A. (2002). Is seeing all it seems? Action, reason and the grand illusion. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 9, 181–202; Clark, A. (2006). Vision as dance? Three challenges for sensori-motor contingency theory. PSYCHE, 12 (1). Available from http://www.psyche.cs.monash.edu.au] argues that such evidence implies a more indirect relationship between conscious visual experience and motor-control where the function of visual consciousness is not to control action but to select what actions are to be controlled. In this paper, I argue that this type of dynamic also exists at the wider level of self-regulation where conscious intent appears to indirectly control the enactment of the intended behaviour. I argue that by drawing parallels between Clark’s proposed dynamic and self-regulation, the former is not only bolstered by a previously unrecognised source of support but our understanding of the latter can help to further elucidate Clark’s proposed mechanism of indirect conscious control. 相似文献
123.
A central feature of many formal accounts of reading aloud, and of Coltheart and colleagues dual-route cascaded model in particular, is that activation across various modules is cascaded. Evidence is reviewed that this assumption is problematic in a particular context, along with a solution that involves thresholding the output of the letter level to the nonlexical routine. Consideration of the known effects of repetition leads to the prediction of a three-way interaction between stimulus quality, repetition, and lexicality in which repetition and stimulus quality interact when reading aloud exception words, but produce additive effects when reading aloud nonwords. The result of such an experiment confirms this prediction, and appears consistent with the localized dual-route model. Implications for other accounts are briefly noted. 相似文献
124.
Attitude certainty, or the sense of conviction with which one holds one's attitude, has been the subject of considerable research attention. This article provides an overview of past, present, and future research on this topic. First, we review past work on attitude certainty, focusing on what has been learned about the antecedents and consequences of feeling certain or uncertain of one's attitude. Following this review, we examine emerging perspectives on attitude certainty. In particular, we describe recent work exploring the metacognitive appraisals that shape attitude certainty, the different meanings attitude certainty can have, and the dynamic effects of attitude certainty on attitude strength. Along the way, we also highlight important questions that have yet be answered about the certainty construct. 相似文献
125.
126.
ABSTRACT Being an aesthetic realist is hard work. Derek Matravers has raised a number of concerns for the brand of aesthetic realism that I have defended in the past, and that I continue to defend, albeit with modification. Much turns on the nature of aesthetic properties, and on the reasons for acknowledging their existence. I here try to provide further illumination on both scores, suggesting in particular that many aesthetic properties can be viewed as manifest higher-order ways of appearing. Toward the end of my discussion the question of whether or not aesthetic properties are response-dependent is addressed, and I offer the tentative conclusion that some are, and some are not. 相似文献
127.
Continental Philosophy Review - This paper examines Sartre's dualistic ontology in the light of the non-duality asserted by Mahāyāna Buddhism. In the first section, I show, against... 相似文献
128.
The present paper reports on three outcome studies evaluating the effectiveness of a new stress management training program. In contrast to conventional stress management, which tends to emphasize life-events, the symptoms of stress and relaxation, the new program is based on emotional rumination, emotion control, and attention control. The training developed from a series of experimental studies on the role of emotional inhibition and rumination in prolonging physiological recovery from stress, and the findings reported here were obtained from a series of applied studies involving police officers from a police force in the North of England. The first two studies employed both self-reported and objective measures of change to demonstrate that the training produced significant increases in job satisfaction and reduced absenteeism, while the results of the final study showed that the benefits of the program were enhanced by follow-up training. 相似文献
129.
Derek Farrell 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1997,10(3):229-235
Depressive disorders are known to affect all aspects of a person's functioning and are often associated with significant psychosocial impairment. What is unclear is whether these psychosocial issues are consequences or causes of depression; what is known is that these problems do not disappear when the biological symptoms resolve. Existing data on the treatment course and outcome of depression are not generally considered as representative of the older depressed person. Discussion will take place as to whether later life depression should be conceptualized not as a categorical disorder, but as a geriatric syndrome, with multiple aetiologies requiring a combination of treatment interventions. There is general consensus that when intensive psychotherapy is directed towards appropriate patients, geriatric clientele are as able to deal with the viscitudes of intensive therapy as well as any age group. An examination will be undertaken regarding the utilization of psychotherapeutic interventions, namely psychodynamic, interpersonal and cognitive behavioural. Comparative studies have demonstrated all three to be effective, particularly in the treatment of depression. There is a great need for further understanding and research into the appropriateness and efficacy of an integration of psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of depression, particularly within the elderly. A tantalizing array of research possibilities emerge. If we accept that unipolar depression is a bio-psychosocial phenomena, then we need to understand more about which psychopharmacological treatment paradigms need to be employed, and that perhaps the way forward inclines towards pragmatic integrationism rather than puritanist intervention. 相似文献
130.
E. R. Valentine Marilyn Aitkenhead John T. E. Richardson Derek Milne Adrian Raine Alan Kennedy Peter Bull Chrissie Verduyn Keith Hawton Harry Chasty Susan P. Llewelyn J. Graham Beaumont Peter Trower Peter Kutnick Paul Light Christopher C. French 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1984,3(2):77-94