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91.
Filling a gap in the semantic gradient: Color associates and response set effects in the Stroop task 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the Stroop task, incongruent color associates (e.g., LAKE) interfere more with color identification than neutral words
do (e.g., SEAT). However, color associates have historically been related to colors in the response set. Response set membership
is an important factor in Stroop interference, because color words in the response set interfere more than color words not
in the response set. It has not been established whether response set membership plays a role in the ability of a colorassociate to interfere with color identification. This issue was addressed in two experiments (one using vocal responses and one using
manual responses) by comparing the magnitude of interference caused by color associates related to colors in the response
set with that of interference caused by color associates unrelated to colors in the response set. The results of both experiments
show that color associates unrelated to colors in the response set interfered with color identification more than neutral
words did. However, the amount of interference was less than that from color associates that were related to colors in the
response set. In addition, this pattern was consistent across response modalities. These results are discussed with respect
to various theoretical accounts of Stroop interference. 相似文献
92.
Sarkar A Dutta A Dhingra U Dhingra P Verma P Juyal R Black RE Menon VP Kumar J Sazawal S 《Behavior research methods》2006,38(3):407-415
In settings in developing countries, children often socialize with multiple socializing agents (peers, siblings, neighbors)
apart from their parents, and thus, a measurement of a child’s social interactions should be expanded beyond parental interactions.
Since the environment plays a role in shaping a child’s development, the measurement of child-socializing agents’ interactions
is important. We developed and used a computerized observational softwareBehavior and Social Interaction Software (BASIS) with a preloaded coding scheme installed on a handheld Palm device to record complex observations of interactions
between children and socializing agents. Using BASIS, social interaction assessments were conducted on 573 preschool children
for 1 h in their natural settings. Multiple screens with a set of choices in each screen were designed that included the child’s
location, broad activity, state, and interactions with child-socializing agents. Data were downloaded onto a computer and
systematically analyzed. BASIS, installed on Palm OS (M-125), enabled the recording of the complex interactions of child-socializing
agents that could not be recorded with manual forms. Thus, this tool provides an innovative and relatively accurate method
for the systematic recording of social interactions in an unrestricted environment. 相似文献
93.
Stein DJ Bolton D Denys D Huddle T Powell T 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2006,1(1):1-2
Natural philosophy once spanned the fields of philosophy, science, and medicine. Scientific disciplines and medical specialties
have rapidly achieved independence, and the availability of the internet and open-access publishing promises a further expansion
of knowledge. Nevertheless, a consideration of the grounding concepts and ethical principles that underlie health care remains
paramount. It is timely, therefore, to contribute to the global conversation on health care with an open-access journal that
focuses on addressing the conceptual basis of medicine and related disciplines, considering the ethical aspects of clinical
practice, and exploring its intersection with the humanities (including history of medicine). 相似文献
94.
Blais C Besner D 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2006,32(6):1345-1353
Translation accounts have argued that the presence of a Stroop effect in the context of a nonvocal untranslated response is caused by verbal mediation. In its simplest form, color-labeled buttons are translated into a verbal code that interferes with color responses. On this logic, in the reverse Stroop task (identify the word; ignore the color), responses made via word-labeled buttons should also be verbally mediated. Thus, no reverse Stroop effect (RSE) should be seen. The authors tested this verbal mediation hypothesis in 4 reverse Stroop task experiments. An RSE was observed across 4 experiments. The results of Experiments 3 and 4 suggest that this RSE is driven by response competition. It is argued that the data from these 4 experiments are inconsistent with unadorned translation accounts of the RSE but consistent with an account in which the strength of association between a stimulus and a specific response plays a major role. 相似文献
95.
Gillham JE Hamilton J Freres DR Patton K Gallop R 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2006,34(2):195-211
This study evaluated the Penn Resiliency Program's effectiveness in preventing depression when delivered by therapists in
a primary care setting. Two-hundred and seventy-one 11- and 12-year-olds, with elevated depressive symptoms, were randomized
to PRP or usual care. Over the 2-year follow-up, PRP improved explanatory style for positive events. PRP's effects on depressive
symptoms and explanatory style for negative events were moderated by sex, with girls benefiting more than boys. Stronger effects
were seen in high-fidelity groups than low-fidelity groups. PRP did not significantly prevent depressive disorders but significantly
prevented depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders (when combined) among high-symptom participants. Findings are discussed
in relation to previous PRP studies and research on the dissemination of psychological interventions.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
96.
97.
The authors report the results of a pilot project to introduce the STEPPS (systems training for emotional predictability and
problem solving) treatment program for persons with borderline personality disorder (BPD) to the United Kingdom. STEPPS combines
cognitive-behavioral principles and skills training with a systems component that includes family members and significant
others. STEPPS was developed to supplement the patient’s ongoing treatment program (e.g. medication, individual therapy, case
management) and boost its effectiveness, but not replace it. Thirty-eight subjects agreed to participate at six sites in West
Sussex, England. A pre- and post-intervention comparison design was used, and over the 20 week program were found to have
significant improvement in their mood, BPD-related symptoms (including affective, cognitive, and impulsive domains), and both
negative and positive affectivity. Subjects reported high levels of satisfaction with the program. This study provides further
evidence that STEPPS, a relatively brief fully manualized group treatment program, may be used in other countries and achieves
high levels of acceptance from patients and therapists. 相似文献
98.
Aaron L. Wichman Pablo Briñol Derek D. Rucker Gifford Weary 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(2):350-355
People feel, think, and act differently when doubt rather than confidence is accessible. A traditional perspective on the accessibility of doubt holds that multiple sources of doubt activation should lead to increased levels of uncertainty. In contrast, we find that under some conditions two sequential sources of doubt activation result in decreased levels of uncertainty. We suggest that this follows from a meta-cognitive process in which people come to “doubt their doubt.” In Study 1, individuals with chronically accessible uncertainty who were further exposed to an uncertainty manipulation paradoxically reported reduced uncertainty. In Study 2, participants were first primed with doubt or certainty and then exposed to a manipulation associated with either confidence (i.e., head nodding) or doubt (head shaking). Supporting the idea that people can either trust or doubt their own doubts, head nodding (vs. shaking) accentuated (vs. attenuated) the impact of the initial doubt vs. certainty manipulation. These findings advance the literature on meta-cognition, self-doubt, and embodiment, and may have clinical applications. 相似文献
99.
100.
Jessica E. Black 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(4):425-433
Relationships between intelligence level and Rorschach measures of developmental level (genetic scores) were examined in clinically normal adults, hebephrenic and catatonic schizophrenics, paranoid schizophrenics, psychoneurotics, cerebrally damaged, and a mixed group of neuropsychiatric patients. The Ss were white males with an IQ range of 79 to 146, and with a chronological age range of 19 to 70. The unaltered forms of the genetic (developmental) scores were used for correlation with primarily Wechsler IQs. Generally no statistically significant relationships were found between genetic scores and intelligence level. 相似文献