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11.
12.
Self-esteem and performance on word tasks 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The authors investigated word-task performance of 192 postgraduate Indian women, grouped according to high or low self-esteem, after different causal attributions for failure. The subsequent performance of the low-self-esteem (LSE) participants improved after reattribution training. When the LSE participants were induced to attribute their prior failure to external causes, the external attribution not only reduced their natural tendency toward self-blame but also broke the self-defeating cycle, thereby enabling them to improve their subsequent performance. 相似文献
13.
Bert Paesbrugghe Arun Sharma Niladri Syam 《Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management》2018,38(1):123-143
The business-to-business selling function has changed over the years, with more informed and demanding buyers, prompting firms to move toward a more consultative, solution-selling approach. While these changes have been the focus of extensive research in the personal selling and sales management domain, the customer side of the interaction dyad requires more examination. Even within the context of the customer side, insufficient attention has been paid to the purchasing function in business-to-business (B2B) selling research. Given the increased importance in customer organizations of the purchasing function, this article presents a literature review that highlights the purchasing function's personal selling and sales management needs and argues that, as the purchasing function becomes more important and its needs evolve, personal selling and sales strategies also need to evolve. The article highlights areas for future research in this domain. 相似文献
14.
In decisions from experience, there are 2 experimental paradigms: sampling and repeated-choice. In the sampling paradigm, participants sample between 2 options as many times as they want (i.e., the stopping point is variable), observe the outcome with no real consequences each time, and finally select 1 of the 2 options that cause them to earn or lose money. In the repeated-choice paradigm, participants select 1 of the 2 options for a fixed number of times and receive immediate outcome feedback that affects their earnings. These 2 experimental paradigms have been studied independently, and different cognitive processes have often been assumed to take place in each, as represented in widely diverse computational models. We demonstrate that behavior in these 2 paradigms relies upon common cognitive processes proposed by the instance-based learning theory (IBLT; Gonzalez, Lerch, & Lebiere, 2003) and that the stopping point is the only difference between the 2 paradigms. A single cognitive model based on IBLT (with an added stopping point rule in the sampling paradigm) captures human choices and predicts the sequence of choice selections across both paradigms. We integrate the paradigms through quantitative model comparison, where IBLT outperforms the best models created for each paradigm separately. We discuss the implications for the psychology of decision making. 相似文献
15.
Pulkit Sharma 《Psychological studies》2011,56(3):304-310
The role played by socio-cultural factors in psychoanalytic psychotherapy from the vantage point of both the client and the
therapist is elucidated. The position conferred upon culture throughout the history of psychoanalysis from classical to contemporary
perspectives is briefly reviewed with special reference to the practice of psychoanalysis in India. A case study having relevance
to the present theme is discussed where ignorance of factors salient to Indian culture adversely affected the outcome. Attention
is given to internal and external pressures that prompted the therapist to take the stand. It is argued that the therapist
may tread the difficult path between cultural universalism and cultural relativism rather than committing to either of them
in order to do justice to psychoanalytical clinical work. 相似文献
16.
Previous research investigating attentional bias has produced intriguingly equivocal results. The present large-scale study
explored attentional bias in subjects diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in a control group (n = 80) using the Emotional Stroop Test. Results clearly indicated poorer performances across the board amongst patients diagnosed
with OCD compared to the control group, particularly in the case of anxiety-related stimuli. This paper discusses, in the
light of current models of attentional bias towards threat in anxiety disorders, the processes whereby attentional bias towards
anxiety stimuli might play a vital role in the causation and maintenance of OCD. 相似文献
17.
Lind Majse Mroz Emily Sharma Shubam Lee Daniel Bluck Susan 《Journal of Adult Development》2022,29(2):108-120
Journal of Adult Development - Classic lifespan developmental theory describes emerging adulthood and the transition to adulthood as important periods for thinking about one’s future life... 相似文献
18.
Observed Variability and Values Matter: Toward a Better Understanding of Information Search and Decisions from Experience
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The search for different options before making a consequential choice is a central aspect of many important decisions, such as mate selection or purchasing a house. Despite its importance, surprisingly little is known about how search and choice are affected by the observed and objective properties of the decision problem. Here, we analyze the effects of two key properties in a binary choice task: the options' observed and objective values, and the variability of payoffs. First, in a large public data set of a binary choice task, we investigate how the observed value and variability relate to decision‐makers' efforts and preferences during search. Furthermore, we test how these properties influence the chance of correctly identifying the objectively maximizing option, and how they affect choice. Second, we designed a novel experiment to systematically analyze the role of the objective difference between the options. We find that a larger objective difference between options increases the chance for correctly identifying the maximizing option, but it does not affect behavior during search and choice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
This paper investigates and argues the modes of self-presentation established and kept by Guru Gobind Singh in the late seventeenth century not only defied Mughal convention and law, but also came to influence regional styles of dress and other aspects of courtly fashion in the Jammu court during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, closely attending the changes in the art historical record of both the Sikh and Dogra court during this two hundred year period, as well as the travelogues of several important Europeans who visited the area during Maharaja Ranjit Singh. In doing so, this study will seek to rethink how the conventions of Sikh culture, while initially ignored and censured by surrounding powers, spread and reshaped the styles of dress, and ultimately the art historical record of surrounding, Mughal strongholds. 相似文献
20.
Self and social identity are key elements in the understanding of a person’s strivings for health and well-being. This review
(i) examines the concepts of self, social identity, and psychological well-being; (ii) integrates empirical evidence that
relates various self-aspects or social identities to psychological well-being; (iii) analyzes within a stress and coping framework
the well-being consequences of socially devalued self or threatened identities, perceived discriminations, challenges of acculturation
and identity management; and (iv) delineates the role of self, social identity and related psycho-social variables as moderators
and mediators in pathways leading to psychological well-being. Besides listing some methodological issues and empirical deficits,
major concerns for future research are also identified. An explicit self and social identity perspective of this research
synthesis brings personal and social aspects together, and this interface offers exciting opportunities for research advancement. 相似文献