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261.
Dennis McFadden 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1970,8(5):336-342
Three commonly used measures of performance in forced-choice experiments, all called proportion correct, are compared as response bias, bias in the stimulus outcomes, and level of performance are varied. No position is taken on the question of which is the computational version of choice, but some of the characteristics of the various versions are examined. 相似文献
262.
Cognitive-behavioral formulations have proposed that anger disorders are mediated by irrational beliefs. The modification of irrational beliefs has been followed by reduction in anger-proneness. Determination of a causal relationship, however, requires at least a correlation between irrational beliefs and proneness to anger arousal. Subjects completed a validated measure of self-reported anger-proneness and of irrational beliefs. Multiple regression analyses showed significant positive relationships between all dimensions of anger proneness and several irrational beliefs. Implications for the cognitive-behavior modification of anger are discussed.This work was originally presented at the Annual Convention of the Midwest Psychological Association, Minneapolis, May 1982. 相似文献
263.
The relationship between sexual oreintation (heterosexuality vs. homosexuality) and perceptions of self, ideal male, and ideal female was investigated. Using the Androgyny scale of the Bex Sex Role Inventory [S. L. Bem, “The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1974, 42(2), 155–162] data were analyzed for 144 male and female subjects. The results indicated that homosexual, compared to heterosexual, subjects were least likely to stereotype their three perceptions, yet showed a significant difference between their perceived self and their same-sex ideals. Moreover, homosexual females were the only group to show a significant difference between their perceptions of the ideal male and ideal female, and to categorize all their perceptions within an androgynous range. Furthermore, they were least likely to utilize traditional sex roles in organizing their perceptions. Finally, the homosexual males, although not as extreme as heterosexual males, still maintain a slight tendency to stereotype their perception of an ideal male. 相似文献
264.
265.
Posers were requested to produce happy and sad emotional expressions, deliberately accentuated on the left and right sides of the face. Raters judged the emotional intensity of expressions when presented in original and mirror-reverse orientation. Left-side-accentuated sad expressions were rated as more intense than right-side-accentuated sad expressions. Raters were biased to judge expressions as more intense when the accentuated side was to their left. The findings indicated that the perceiver bias in weighting information from the side of the face in left hemispace extends to judgments of emotional intensity. 相似文献
266.
Dennis Klass 《Journal of religion and health》1982,21(4):307-324
Self-help groups for the bereaved are a relatively unexplored area of wholistic ministry. The article grows out of the author's experience as an advisor to a local chapter of The Compassionate Friends, a group of parents whose children have died. The article explores the self-help concept, describes the experience of losing a child and the way the self-help process functions in that dynamic, and enumerates some roles the author has been able to fill as an aid to a local chapter. Within that framework, the article shows the affinities between self-help and ministry.Dennis Klass, Ph.D., is Chairman of the Department of Religion at Webster College in St. Louis. He is also co-author ofThey Need to Know: How to Teach Children about Death, published by Prentice-Hall in 1979. 相似文献
267.
268.
A practical method for screening psychiatric disorder in children with speech and language disorders
Dr. Richard E. Mattison Dennis P. Cantwell Lorian Baker 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1982,10(1):25-32
Children with speech and language disorders have been found to have a prevalence rate of psychiatric disorder of 50%. The authors sought to develop an efficient screening procedure to distinguish such children who have psychiatric disorder and those who do not. Cutoff scores for easily administered parent and teacher behavior rating questionnaires were investigated in a population of 256 children with speech and language disorders and known presence or absence of psychiatric disorder. It was learned that when the questionnaires are used together, a cutoff score of 31 or greater on either questionnaire has a positive predictive value of 74.1 % and a negative predictive value of 76.1%. This screening method shows promise in assisting speech pathologists in comprehensive evaluation and treatment planning for children with speech and language disorders. 相似文献
269.
Previous work(Frankenhaeuser & Lundberg, 1977) has shown that unpaced mental arithmetic is performed at slower rates in noise, despite unchanged catecholamine indices of arousal; only male subjects were used, tested early in the day. Since the times of testing entail arousal effects that interact with noise stress, and the sex of subject further modifies these interactions, a new experiment was designed to include these variables. Men and women were tested on the Norinder mental arithmetic task, in quiet or in noise, either in the morning, when arousal was low, or during the early evening, when temperature curves indicate that arousal should be high. Analysis of the number of problems attempted shows a significant drop for men in noise in the morning, but an interaction due to reversal of the noise effect in the evening; there is no main effect of noise when women's scores are included. The results are compatible with interpretations combining motivation and cognition, and they demonstrate the importance of the experimental variables in explaining noise stress effects.The authors are indebted to the late David A. Shipp for his assistance in running subjects. 相似文献
270.
Previous research has found that the ability to recall briefly presented chess positions varies with playing strength, except when random positions are used. The suggestion therefore arises that mastery consists of recognizing configurations that are associated with plausible moves. This approach is tested by comparing the memory scores and move-choice protocols of players in six skill categories, using random chess positions. Contrary to any strong form of recognition-association hypothesis, differences in chess skill are shown to persist although memory differences are abolished. It is further shown that the moves selected are not based on those few pieces that are remembered. Skill-related differences in the accuracy of positional evaluations also occur, but they are less marked than in earlier results. An alternative approach to chess skill seems appropriate, in which memory effects may function at the evaluation phase. 相似文献