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141.
Michael J. Brusco J. Dennis Cradit Douglas Steinley Gavin L. Fox 《Multivariate behavioral research》2013,48(1):29-49
Clusterwise linear regression is a multivariate statistical procedure that attempts to cluster objects with the objective of minimizing the sum of the error sums of squares for the within-cluster regression models. In this article, we show that the minimization of this criterion makes no effort to distinguish the error explained by the within-cluster regression models from the error explained by the clustering process. In some cases, most of the variation in the response variable is explained by clustering the objects, with little additional benefit provided by the within-cluster regression models. Accordingly, there is tremendous potential for overfitting with clusterwise regression, which is demonstrated with numerical examples and simulation experiments. To guard against the misuse of clusterwise regression, we recommend a benchmarking procedure that compares the results for the observed empirical data with those obtained across a set of random permutations of the response measures. We also demonstrate the potential for overfitting via an empirical application related to the prediction of reflective judgment using high school and college performance measures. 相似文献
142.
Dennis Saleb 《Psychological Perspectives》2013,56(1):127-128
Omnibus book review Robin Robertson The Place of the Feminine in the World to Come Quantum Reality. By Nick Herbert. New York: Anchor Press/Double Day, 1985. Synchronicity: The Bridge Between Matter and Mind. By F. David Peat. New York: Bantam Books. 1987. Psyche Speaks. By Russell Lockhart. Wilmette, Illinois: Chiron, 1987. The Scapegoat Complex: Toward a Mythology of Shdow and Guilt. By Sylvia Brinton Perera. Toronto: Inner City Books, 1986. The Strange Trial of Mr. Hyde: A New Look Into the Nature of Human Evil. By John A. Sanford. San Francisco: Harper &; Row, 1987. Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World. By Mikhail Gorbachev. New York: Harper &; Row, 1987. The Jungian Experience: Analysis and Individuation. By James A. Hall, M.D. Toronto: Inner City Books, 1986. Practical Jung: Nuts and Bolts of Jun-gian Psychotherapy. By Harry A. Wilmer. Wilmette, Illinois: Chiron Publications, 1987. Psychiatry and the Cinema. By Krin Gabbard and Glen O. Gabbard. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Female Authority: Empowering Women Through Psychotherapy. By P. Young-Eisendrath and F. Wiedemann. New York Guilford Press, 1987. Dancing Healers: A Docfor's Journey of Healing with Native Americans. By Carl Hammerschlag. San Francisco: Harper &; Row, 1988. Neuroimmune Interactions: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop of Neuroimmunomodulation. Edited by Bronislav D. Jankovic Branislav M. Markovic, and Novera Herbert Spector. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences, 1987. 相似文献
143.
Dennis Whitcomb 《Synthese》2013,190(3):339-352
This article argues against fallibilist evidentialism on the basis of considerations about knowability. 相似文献
144.
Donald H. Sykes Mary Hanley Dennis McC. Boyle J. David S. Higginson 《Psychology & health》2013,28(5):609-623
Abstract The role of work characteristics in determining return to work after an acute coronary event was examined. One hundred and forty nine patients were enrolled. One year post-discharge, 74 had returned to work. Work characteristics (decision latitude, and opportunity for social interaction at work), together with age, depression, and medical prognosis, correctly classified work status in 78% of cases. At 12 months post-discharge, patients who had not returned to work recorded significantly poorer levels of adjustment compared to those who had returned to work. A better quality of life is associated with a lower level of depression pre-hospitalization, ownership of a larger home, being male, and having a more positive work environment. The findings suggest that the pre-illness work environment of the patient is a factor influencing return to work, which needs to be considered in rehabilitation programmes. 相似文献
145.
Stacey Hart Cheryl Gore-felton Jose Maldonado Luciana Lagana Jane Blake-mortimer Dennis Israelski 《Psychology & health》2013,28(6):869-879
Abstract Pain in HIV/AIDS patients is associated with compromised quality of life and emotional adjustment. Although previous findings support a relationship between coping styles and subjective pain for various groups of chronically-ill persons, little research has examined the associations between coping and pain in HIV-positive or AIDS patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between pain and coping styles among 105 HIV-positive participants (32 women and 73 men) in a randomized clinical trial designed to examine the effect of group psychotherapy on quality of life and health behavior. Participants completed the Brief COPE, the pain scale from the Medical Outcomes Study-HIV, and a demographic and medical questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis, with pain as the dependent variable, showed that participants who reported coping through denial reported greater pain severity (p < 0.0001). These results suggest that denial as a coping strategy appears to be signficantly associated with pain for persons with HIV/AIDS. However, further research is necessary to determine the causal relationship between pain and coping through denial. These findings also point to the possibility of psychological intervention in order to modify maladaptive coping styles and to ameliorate pain in this population. 相似文献
146.
Talar M. Hopyan-Misakyan Karen A. Gordon Maureen Dennis Blake C. Papsin 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(2):136-146
Cochlear implant (CI) devices provide the opportunity for children who are deaf to perceive sound by electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve, with the goal of optimizing oral communication. One part of oral communication concerns meaning, while another part concerns emotion: affective speech prosody, in the auditory domain, and facial affect, in the visual domain. It is not known whether childhood CI users can identify emotion in speech and faces, so we investigated speech prosody and facial affect in children who had been deaf from infancy and experienced CI users. METHOD: Study participants were 18 CI users (ages 7–13 years) who received right unilateral CIs and 18 age- and gender-matched controls. Emotion recognition in speech prosody and faces was measured by the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy. RESULTS: Compared to controls, children with right CIs could identify facial affect but not affective speech prosody. Age at test and time since CI activation were uncorrelated with overall outcome measures. CONCLUSION: Children with right CIs recognize emotion in faces but have limited perception of affective speech prosody. 相似文献
147.
Richard F. Ittenbach Amy E. Cassedy Jennifer M. Rohan Korey K. Hood Michael A. Harris Alan Delamater Jennifer Pendley Dennis Drotar 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2013,20(1):107-113
Effective family management of type 1 diabetes in childhood is critical to maintaining optimal glycemic control. The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary evidence for a reduced form of the Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP) using Rasch modeling techniques. The study was a secondary analysis of DSMP data drawn from a previous study on patterns of self-management from 239 preadolescents with type 1 diabetes. Rasch modeling strategies were used to identify the most informative items and then a reduced score composite was correlated with hemoglobin A1c (A1c) and blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency. A short form of the DSMP was obtained using seven items that comprised all five subscales of the DSMP. The DSMP Short-Form (DSMP-SF) composite score correlated significantly with child’s HbA1c and BGM frequency. The DSMP-SF may be considered a valid and effective screening interview alternative to the longer, original, DSMP, particularly when attempting to identify high-risk patients. 相似文献
148.
This article reports three experiments that investigated the relationship between working memory capacity and syllogistic and five-term series spatial inference. A series of complex and simple verbal and spatial working memory measures were employed. Correlational analyses showed that verbal and spatial working memory span tasks consistently predicted syllogistic and spatial reasoning performance. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that three factors best accounted for the data—a verbal, a spatial, and a general factor. Syllogistic reasoning performance loaded all three factors, whilst spatial reasoning loaded only the general factor. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of reasoning theories and contemporary accounts of the structure of working memory. 相似文献
149.
Linden J. Ball Jonathan St.B.T. Evans Ian Dennis Thomas C. Ormerod 《Thinking & reasoning》2013,19(4):247-270
A study is reported which focused on the problem-solving strategies employed by expert electronics engineers pursuing a real-world task: integrated-circuit design. Verbal protocol data were analysed so as to reveal aspects of the organisation and sequencing of ongoing design activity. These analyses indicated that the designers were implementing a highly systematic solution-development strategy which deviated only a small degree from a normatively optimal top-down and breadth-first method. Although some of the observed deviation could be described as opportunistic in nature, much of it reflected the rapid depth-first exploration of tentative solution ideas. We argue that switches from a predominantly breadth-first mode of problem solving to depth-first or opportunistic modes may be an important aspect of the expert's strategic knowledge about how to conduct the design process effectively when faced with difficulties, uncertainties, and design impasses. 相似文献
150.
Stephen E. Newstead Peter Bradon Simon J. Handley Ian Dennis Jonathan St. B. T. Evans 《Thinking & reasoning》2013,19(1):62-90
The aim of the present research was to develop a difficulty model for logical reasoning problems involving complex ordered arrays used in the Graduate Record Examination. The approach used involved breaking down the problems into their basic cognitive elements such as the complexity of the rules used, the number of mental models required to represent the problem, and question type. Weightings for these different elements were derived from two experimental studies and from the reasoning literature. Based on these weights, difficulty models were developed which were then tested against new data. The models had excellent predictive validity and showed the relative influence of rule based factors and factors relating to the number of underlying models. Different difficulty models were needed for different question types, suggesting that people used a variety of approaches and, at a wider level, that both mental models and mental rules may be used in reasoning. 相似文献