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971.
Michael H. Epstein Kevin P. Quinn Karl Dennis Kathy Dennis Ron Hardy Janet McKelvey Carla Cumblad 《Journal of child and family studies》1998,7(3):297-316
The child welfare system of the early 1990s was marked by the proliferation of home-based services. Research on the effectiveness of various home-based interventions indicates results have been equivocal. The need to make explicit the specific characteristics of the adults and children targeted for home-based services, particularly families from diverse cultural backgrounds, has been identified as a critically needed contribution to the literature. In this study, the characteristics and service utilization experiences of adults and families served in an urban, home-based, child welfare program was examined. The results are discussed in relation to findings on the characteristics and experiences of adults and families served in other settings. Implications for future research and service delivery are discussed. 相似文献
972.
This study investigated two main issues: Whether people's judgments about real-life moral transgressions are affected by the role they play in them and whether self-serving biases in such judgments vary with level of moral development. One-hundred twenty university students took Colby and Kohlberg's (1987) test of moral judgment and made open-ended and rating-scale judgments about three real-life transgressions they considered moral in nature. As expected, participants made more exculpatory judgments about transgressions they committed than they did about transgressions others committed, but participants did not judge transgressions committed against them more harshly than they judged transgressions committed against others. The higher participants scored on Kohlberg's test the less they externalized and excused their moral transgressions. Contrary to expectation, this relation also applied to moral judgments about transgressions committed by others against others. These findings have important implications for models of moral development and social cognition. 相似文献
973.
SITUATION-SPECIFIC ASSERTIVENESS IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SEXUAL VICTIMIZATION AMONG UNIVERSITY WOMEN 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Protective and risk factors for sexual victimization were examined in a sample of 274 undergraduate women. Assertiveness specific to situations with the opposite gender was protective at all three assessment times. Prior victimization, alcohol use, poor adjustment (as indicated by depression and anxiety), multiple sexual partners, and insecurity about relationships with the opposite gender were significant risk factors. Prevention efforts might be more effective if (a) behavioral practice of assertiveness was added to informational and attitudinal interventions; (b) assertiveness training focused specifically on relationships with the opposite gender; (c) medical and counseling services routinely assessed for prior victimization and other risk factors, and made appropriate referrals for women with victimization histories; and (d) alcohol education-programs were integrated with acquaintance-rape programs. 相似文献
974.
This interview with James W. Pennebaker explores the often serendipitous career development of his interest in the relationship between the disclosure or inhibition of traumatic experience and psychosomatic illness. His current research has moved beyond psychosomatic illness to address other aspects of physical and mental health. The importance of Pennebaker's research is reflected in the many books and articles he has written, the continuing grants he has procured, and the awards he has won. His research findings yield several important implications for the counseling process and for counseling professionals themselves. 相似文献
975.
Dennis H. Reid Marsha B. Parsons Carolyn W. Green 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1998,31(2):281-285
We evaluated a prework assessment for predicting work-task preferences among workers with severe multiple disabilities prior to beginning supported work. The assessment involved comparing worker selections from pairs of work tasks drawn from their future job duties. Results of workers' choices once they began their jobs in a publishing company indicated that the assessment predicted tasks that the workers preferred to work on during their job routines. Results are discussed regarding other possible means of determining preferred types of supported work. 相似文献
976.
977.
Dennis H. Holding 《Psychological research》1992,54(1):10-16
Summary The paper reviews the evidence for and against the recognition-association theory and a forward-search (SEEK) theory of chess skill. The recognition-association theory appears to be founded on indirect evidence concerning visual short-term memory, together with supplementary assumptions that may be questioned, and provides no role for verbal processes. There is no direct support for the theory, which omits forward search for reasons that are reexamined. In contrast, the SEEK theory maintains that move choice is based on search and evaluation processes supplemented (or else supplanted) by a knowledge base. These processes are directly evidenced by experimental findings. The objection that search theories cannot account for speed chess is met by a review of the available evidence. It is concluded that chess skill relies on thinking ahead rather than on pattern recognition. 相似文献
978.
Philip Sanford Zeskind Timothy R. Marshall Dennis M. Goff 《Infant and child development》1992,1(2):79-87
Heart rates and behavioural states of 14 breast-fed and 14 bottlefed newborn infants were assessed every 30 seconds for 2 continuous hours. The 240 observations of heart rate were treated as time-series data and spectrum-analysed for behavioural rhythmicities. Of the 28 infants, 25 showed reliable cycles in heart rate; 22 of the 25 infants showed a dominant frequency with a 30–60 min periodicity, one that approximates the basic-rest activity cycle (BRAC). In addition to this basic cycle, additional higher frequency cycles in long-term heart rate variability were evident in the spectra of many infants. Breast-fed newborns had greater numbers of reliable cycles in heart rate than bottle-fed newborns. Further, breast-fed newborns had lower overall mean heart rates and lower mean heart rates in Quiet and Active Sleep states than bottle-fed newborns. Bottle-fed newborns were observed more often in Quiet Sleep than breast-fed newborns. Without knowledge of the specific mechanisms causing these behavioural differences, the results of this study suggest that the context in which breast-feeding occurs results in a more complex and energy-efficient pattern of behavioural organization than the context of bottle-feeding. 相似文献
979.
Illusory contours are not well understood, partially because a lack of physical substance complicates their specification via physical standards. One solution is to gauge illusory contours with respect to luminance-defined contours, which are easily quantified physically. Accordingly, we chose a metric (perceived contrast) that expresses illusory contour strength in terms of the physical contrast of luminance-defined contours. Using this metric, adult observers adjusted the contrast of a luminance-defined contour until it matched the perceived contrast of an illusory contour. Illusory contour length, inducer size, and inducer contrast all influenced illusory contour strength.. The results are adequately explained via low-level visual processes. It appears that matching paradigms can be beneficial in quantitative studies of illusory contours. 相似文献
980.
Dennis H. Reid Marsha B. Parsons James F. Phillips Carolyn W. Green 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1993,26(1):139-140
We evaluated a response-blocking procedure for reducing the self-injurious hand mouthing of 2 adults with profound disabilities. The procedure reduced mouthing in both cases. The results suggest research is warranted to delineate the behavioral process responsible for the effect of response blocking and to determine the procedure's long-term utility. 相似文献