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241.
Michael E. Hyland Sidney H. Irvine Clive Thacker Peter L. Dann Ian Dennis 《Current Psychology》1989,8(3):228-233
The factor structure of the Stunkard-Messick Eating Questionnaire (SMEQ) differs from that of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire
(DEBQ). Using students and members of a weight watchers club, we factor-analyzed responses to the SMEQ and produced a solution
which was different from that obtained by Stunkard and Messick, but which had some similarities to the factor structure of
the DEBQ. “External” taste items and “internal” hunger items loaded on the same factor, a finding inconsistent with externality
theory but consistent with the common sense notion of appetite strength. Although our finding suggests factor instability
of the SMEQ, the stability of the DEBQ appears to be the consequence of a restricted range of DEBQ items compared with SMEQ
items.
Financial support for this research was given by Lilly Industries. 相似文献
242.
McKerlie D 《哲学与公共事务》1992,21(3):275-295
The first part of the article considers what proponents of the most familiar egalitarian moral theories would say about age-group inequality. I claim that these theories have intuitively objectionable consequences. The second part explains and criticizes a theory of justice formulated specifically for age-groups: Norman Daniels' prudential lifespan account. In the third part I explain two views that seem to me to give a better account of justice between the young and the old. 相似文献
243.
Dennis Howitt 《Current Psychology》1992,2(3):311-322
This paper questions the role of legal constraints in the reporting of trials by reference to the situation in Great Britain.
Traditionally a good deal of pre-trial publicity in the press and other media has been regarded as a threat to the fairness
of the outcome of the trial. The Law on Contempt of Court has been used to control media activity in this area. However, much
of this is built upon assumptions about the nature of the juror which may not be well founded. Research evidence is reviewed
and it is suggested that the fairness of the juror and an ability to react in an unbiased manner to evidence after being exposed
to ‘prejudicial’ publicity are more accurate interpretations. It is suggested that there are alternatives to legalistic controls
over the media and that abandoning some legal control might not have the undesirable consequences sometimes imagined. 相似文献
244.
Wayne Messner Dennis Bray Guy C. Germain Nico Stehr 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1992,5(4):82-100
This article is a critical, sociological examination of policy advice aimed at reducing or limiting CO2 emissions. The policy proposals are taken from various sources directed to governmental or economic institutions and targeted
to cope with the natural and social consequences of global warming. We ask, based on a sociological understanding of features
constitutive of practical social science knowledge, how feasible and practical are various policy proposals. Our assessment,
in turn, is based on a theoretical model of the characteristics ofpractical scientific knowledge, which is discussed in conjunction with the current field of climate change knowledge.
He is currently the editor of theCanadian Journal of Sociology.
This article is a revised version of a paper presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology
Association, Learned Societies Conference, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, June 1992. 相似文献
245.
246.
In this study we attempted to operationalize, measure, and increase happiness among people with profound disabilities. Happiness indices were defined and observed among 5 individuals. Validation measures indicated that (a) increases in happiness indices were observed when individuals were presented with most preferred stimuli relative to least preferred stimuli, (b) increases in unhappiness indices were observed when they were presented with least preferred relative to most preferred stimuli, and (c) practitioner ratings of participant happiness coincided with observed indices. Subsequently, classroom staff increased happiness indices through presentation and contingent withdrawal of activities. Results suggested that a behavioral approach can enhance happiness as one aspect of quality of life among people with profound disabilities. Research directions are offered that focus on using a behavioral approach to investigate other private events that are important among people with disabilities. 相似文献
247.
Anthony Biglan Dennis Ary Virginia Koehn Debra Levings Sandra Smith Zada Wright Lisa James Jamye Henderson 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(5):625-638
A community intervention to mobilize positive reinforcement for not selling tobacco to young people was evaluated. The intervention
had five components: (a) mobilization of community support, (b) merchant education, (c) changing consequences to clerks for
selling or not selling to those under 18, (d) publicity about clerks’ refusals to sell, and (e) feedback to store owners or
managers about the extent of their sales to adolescents. A multiple baseline design experiment was conducted, in which two
small Oregon communities received the intervention, while two others continued in baseline. Outlets’ willingness to sell was
assessed repeatedly by teenage volunteers. The intervention significantly reduced the proportion of stores willing to sell.
Mobilizing socia and material reinforcement for stores not selling tobacco to young people is a viable means of reducing such
sales. It may be especially valuable in communities where laws against sales to minors go unenforced.
This paper supported in part by the National Cancer Institute Grant CA38273. 相似文献
248.
Properties of auditory and visual sensory memory were compared by examining subjects' recognition performance of randomly generated binary auditory sequential frequency patterns and binary visual sequential color patterns within a forced-choice paradigm. Experiment 1 demonstrated serial-position effects in auditory and visual modalities consisting of both primacy and recency effects. Experiment 2 found that retention of auditory and visual information was remarkably similar when assessed across a 10 s interval. Experiments 3 and 4, taken together, showed that the recency effect in sensory memory is affected more by the type of response required (recognition vs. reproduction) than by the sensory modality employed. These studies suggest that auditory and visual sensory memory stores for nonverbal stimuli share similar properties with respect to serial-position effects and persistence over time. 相似文献
249.
Gerald V. Barrett Rosanna F. Miguel Dennis Doverspike 《Journal of business and psychology》1997,12(1):19-24
Previous research has found that test takers can score above chance level on reading comprehension tests even when the passages are omitted. The present research investigated whether the effect would vary as a function of race. In Study 1, 386 participants completed a reading test with the passages omitted. General mental ability and race were significantly correlated with test performance. In Study 2, 827 job applicants completed the test as part of an entry-level selection battery. Eliminating items for which large race differences existed in Study 1 had no real effect on the size of the Black-White mean difference. 相似文献
250.