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541.
Suvak MK Litz BT Sloan DM Zanarini MC Barrett LF Hofmann SG 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2011,120(2):414-426
This study examined the affective dysregulation component of borderline personality disorder (BPD) from an emotional granularity perspective, which refers to the specificity in which one represents emotions. Forty-six female participants meeting criteria for BPD and 51 female control participants without BPD and Axis I pathology completed tasks that assessed the degree to which participants incorporated information about valence (pleasant-unpleasant) and arousal (calm-activated) in their semantic/conceptual representations of emotions and in using labels to represent emotional reactions. As hypothesized, participants with BPD emphasized valence more and arousal less than control participants did when using emotion terms to label their emotional reactions. Implications and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
542.
Lucinda O. Payne Denise M. Martz K. Brooke Tompkins Anna B. Petroff Claire V. Farrow 《Sex roles》2011,65(7-8):557-565
This study compared different forms of body talk, including ??fat talk,?? among 231 university men and women in central England (UK; n?=?93) and the southeastern United States (US; n?=?138). A 2 (gender) by 2 (country) repeated measures ANOVA across types of body talk (negative, self-accepting, positive) and additional Chi-square analyses revealed that there were differences across gender and between the UK and US cultures. Specifically, UK and US women were more likely to report frequently hearing or perceiving pressure to engage in fat talk than men. US women and men were also more likely to report pressure to join in self-accepting body talk than UK women and men. 相似文献
543.
Lyungai F. Mbilinyi Patricia B. Logan-Greene Clayton Neighbors Denise D. Walker Roger A. Roffman Joan Zegree 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(2):171-187
The association between childhood exposure to domestic violence and later intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in adulthood has been well established in the literature. However, the literature examining the factors of exposure that contribute to perpetration in adulthood is fraught with mixed findings, with some studies finding a direct link between childhood domestic violence exposure and later IPV perpetration and others ruling out a link after controlling for other contextual barriers such as community violence and socioeconomic status. This study examined 124 non-treatment-seeking and unadjudicated adult male IPV perpetrators and found exposure to domestic violence in childhood contributes to the normalization of violence, which could predict future adult IPV perpetration. Practice implications are discussed, namely primary and secondary prevention of intimate partner violence. 相似文献
544.
Emily L. Escovar Amy Drahota Carla Hitchcock Bruce F. Chorpita Denise A. Chavira 《Child & family behavior therapy》2019,41(1):16-31
Parental variables likely have important and bidirectional influences on the etiology of child anxiety. Although some child-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CCBT) anxiety trials have found vicarious improvements among parents who participated in their children’s treatment, this is an understudied area. We hypothesized that parental variables (psychopathology, stress, and burden) will significantly decrease from pre- to post-CCBT and will be associated with child treatment response. We explored whether intervention delivery method—in-person CCBT versus parent-mediated bibliotherapy—influenced vicarious parental improvements. Parental variables decreased from pre- to post-CCBT and were associated with child treatment response. Effects did not interact with delivery method. Parent participation in anxiety CCBT may result in vicarious improvements for parents. 相似文献
545.
Applied Research in Quality of Life - 相似文献
546.
Slowness in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been attributed to intrusive thoughts or meticulousness. Recent research suggests that slowness in OCD may be particularly evident on tests of executive function subserved by frontostriatal circuitry. In the present study, the speed and accuracy of responding on neuropsychological tests of executive functions and psychomotor speed were investigated in 27 non-depressed, unmedicated adults with OCD and 27 healthy controls. The only group difference was that patients took significantly longer to copy a complex geometric design than controls. This finding was unrelated to residual depression or overall OCD symptom severity. Results suggest that slowness in OCD may be most apparent on executive tests requiring self-initiated organizational strategies, consistent with frontostriatal abnormality. 相似文献
547.
Parallel processing across neural systems: implications for a multiple memory system hypothesis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A common conceptualization of the organization of memory systems in brain is that different types of memory are mediated by distinct neural systems. Strong support for this view comes from studies that show double (or triple) dissociations between spatial, response, and emotional memories following selective lesions of hippocampus, striatum, and the amygdala. Here, we examine the extent to which hippocampal and striatal neural activity patterns support the multiple memory systems view. A comparison is made between hippocampal and striatal neural correlates with behavior during asymptotic performance of spatial and response maze tasks. Location- (or place), movement, and reward-specific firing patterns were found in both structures regardless of the task demands. Many, but not all, place fields of hippocampal and striatal neurons were similarly affected by changes in the visual and reward context regardless of the cognitive demands. Also, many, but not all, hippocampal and striatal movement-sensitive neurons showed significant changes in their behavioral correlates after a change in visual context, irrespective of cognitive strategy. Similar partial reorganization was observed following manipulations of the reward condition for cells recorded from both structures, again regardless of task. Assuming that representations that persist across context changes reflect learned information, we make the following conclusions. First, the consistent pattern of partial reorganization supports a view that the analysis of spatial, response, and reinforcement information is accomplished via an error-driven, or match-mismatch, algorithm across neural systems. Second, task-relevant processing occurs continuously within hippocampus and striatum regardless of the cognitive demands of the task. Third, given the high degree of parallel processing across allegedly different memory systems, we propose that different neural systems may effectively compete for control of a behavioral expression system. The strength of the influence of any one neural system on behavioral output is likely modulated by factors such as motivation, experience, or hormone status. 相似文献
548.
Carolyn?YoonEmail author Fred?Feinberg Ting?Luo Trey?Hedden Angela?Hall?Gutchess Hiu-Ying?Mary?Chen Joseph?A.?Mikels Shulan?Jiao Denise?C.?Park 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(4):639-649
The present study presents normative measures for 260 line drawings of everyday objects, found in Snodgrass and Vanderwart
(1980), viewed by individuals in China and the United States. Within each cultural group, name agreement, concept agreement,
and familiarity measures were obtained separately for younger adults and older adults. For a subset of 57 pictures (22%),
there was equivalence in both name agreement and concept agreement, and for an additional subset of 29 pictures (11%), there
was nonequivalent name agreement but equivalent concept agreement, across all culture-by-age groups. The data indicate substantial
differences across culture-by-age groups in name agreement percentages and number of distinct name responses provided. We
discovered significant differences between older and younger American adults in both name agreement percentages (67 pictures,
or 26%) and concept agreement percentages (44 pictures, or 17%). Written naming responses collected for the entire set of
Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures showed shifts in both naming and concept agreement percentages over the intervening decades:
Although correlations in name agreement were strong (r
= .71,p < .001) between our younger American samples and those of Snodgrass and Vanderwart, name agreement percentages have changed
for a substantial proportion (33%) of the 260 pictures; moreover, 63% of the stimuli for which Snodgrass and Vanderwart reported
concept agreement now appear to differ. We provide comprehensive comparison statistics and tests for both the present study
and prior ones, finding differences across numerous item-level measures. The corpus of data suggests that substantial differences
in all measures can be found across age as well as culture, so that unequivocal conclusions with respect to cross-cultural
or age-related differences in cognition can be made only when appropriate stimuli are selected for studies. Data for all 260
pictures, for each of the four groups, and all supporting materials and tests are freely archived athttp://agingmind.cns.uiuc.edu/Pict Norms. The full set of these norms may be downloaded fromwwwpsychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献
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