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191.
Very few experiments have studied the two item same/different relation in young human infants. This contrasts with an extensive
animal literature. We tested young infants with two novel tasks designed specifically to provide convergent comparative measures.
Each infant completed both tasks allowing an assessment of their understanding of the abstract concept rather than task-specific
abilities. In a looking time task with photographic stimuli, we found that 8-month-olds are sensitive to the relation but
4-month-olds are not. The second task used an anticipatory eye movement paradigm with simple geometric stimuli. On each trial,
two colored shapes appear and moved upwards behind an occluder. They reappeared on either the upper left or right depending
on the relation between them. Infants at both ages learned and generalized the dependency but only for the different relation.
These results show that human infants can learn the same/different concept but that, in strong continuity with animal results,
their abilities are firmly grounded in perception. 相似文献
192.
Michel Tremblay Denis Chênevert Christian Vandenberghe Xavier Parent-Rocheleau 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(6):719-735
ABSTRACTThis study examines the combined effect of organizational justice facets on store-level customer extra-role service behavior, and subsequently on customer satisfaction. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 1,951 employees in 121 business units from four countries, and on 55,731 customers of an international retailer. The results of polynomial regression and response surface analysis revealed that unit customer service performance and customer satisfaction are higher when justice facets are aligned at high levels, compared to when they are aligned at low levels. Moreover, we found evidence that the consequences of misalignment between justice facets are asymmetrical. Unit outcomes were higher when distributive justice (DJ) and procedural justice (PJ) climates were both higher than the interpersonal justice climate, compared to when the inverse was true. Conversely, unit outcomes increased when informational justice (INF-J) climate was higher than DJ and PJ climates, compared to when DJ and PJ climates were higher than INF-J climates. The observed effects of misalignment between justice facets were non-linear, as complex curvilinear relationships were moderator-dependent. Customer satisfaction was higher in stores with higher team customer service behavior, and team service behavior was found to be a significant conduit by which justice facets (mis)alignment influence customer satisfaction. 相似文献
193.
Denis Edwards 《Theology & Science》2013,11(2):211-220
While Ian Barbour's methodological contributions to science and religion and his use of process metaphysics are often noted, it is also important to consider his own theology of nature as a significant contribution to Christian theology. This article calls attention to both his reformulation of Christology and to the way Christology functions in his understanding of divine action. It goes on to suggest that Christology is important for three aspects of continuing work in science and theology 相似文献
194.
195.
Denis J. Lynch Frank J. Repka Rollin Nagel Thomas Birk Amirha Gohara Richard F. Leighton 《Psychology & health》2013,28(6):821-828
Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify personality and health attitude variables that might predict adherence to a cholesterol-reducing diet. After taking a battery of psychological inventories, 66 subjects entered a 26 week diet program. Adherence indices included attendance rate at scheduled appointments, changes in diet, and changes in serum cholesterol levels. Of the 55 subjects with complete data, 7 dropped out, 7 attended inconsistently, and 41 completed the program. Drop-outs scored significantly lower on the Health Belief measures of seriousness, susceptibility, and benefits. Improvement in serum cholesterol was positively correlated with the Health Belief Benefits Scale and negatively correlated with the Health Locus of Control chance scale. Dietary reduction in saturated fat was positively associated with the Health Belief Seriousness and Benefits Scales. Health attitudes and beliefs were better predictors of adherence than personality trait measures. 相似文献
196.
Legal archives concerning a new type of offence first introduced onto the French statute books in 2005 reveal a normalization effect over the following 2 years in judges' sentence decisions but not in prosecutors' sentence demands. We examine the hypothesis that the formation of a normally accepted range of sentences will influence how judges respond to the extremity of the prosecutor's initial sentence demand. In line with a normalization perspective, results reveal that judges were less influenced by extreme (out‐of‐range) sentence demands but more influenced by moderate (in‐range) sentences in 2007 than in 2005. Over time, it seems that a shared standard of reference is established, which appears to lead judges to adjust moderate prosecutor demands less and extreme prosecutor demands more. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
197.
Denis Flynn 《Journal of Child Psychotherapy》2013,39(2):283-306
This paper looks at the experience of inpatient hospital treatment at the Cassel Hospital and how formal psychoanalytic psychotherapy, with its emphasis on the transference and the inner world, fits into that context and orientates itself to some of the realities of the setting. It outlines how psychotherapy and nursing can work to inform and enrich each other, and what is psychoanalytic about the overall work. A bridge of understanding is built using the patients' perceptions of, adjustment to and conflict about the inpatient setting, and the affective impact of the processes on patients and staff alike. Two clinical examples of severe child abuse family cases are given, the first of Munchhausen syndrome by proxy, the second in which a baby sibling had been killed. They show how in-depth psychoanalytic work with mother and child and individual psychotherapy of the child can be combined with psychotherapy of the parents and intensive work in the therapeutic community. Such a combination can contribute, even in cases of severe pathology, to the development of the relationship between mother and child and promote successful rehabilitation in the outside community. 相似文献
198.
Most of the experiments which give theories of embodied cognition their empirical anchorage only take into consideration the motor responses induced by the task or the motor component of the visual stimulus. And yet, these motor responses are often associated with a linguistic answer. Our hypothesis is that “YES” and “NO” verbal responses have a motor component. In a first experiment we showed that producing a verbal response (YES vs. NO) involves motor planning (pushing vs. pulling): participants push a lever more quickly when they have to answer “yes” than “no”, and conversely, they pull a lever more quickly when they have to answer “no” than “yes”. Moreover, in a second experiment, we showed that perceiving the words “YES” and “NO”, on its own, leads to the same motor planning than when “yes” and “no” answers actually have to be produced. Participants detect the word “YES” faster when they have to push a lever than when they have to pull it and conversely they detect the word “NO” faster when they have to pull the lever than when they have to push it down. These results are discussed in reference to “online” and “offline embodiment” concepts and to the cognitive linguistic theories. 相似文献
199.
Marja Laasonen Jonna Salomaa Denis Cousineau Sami Leppämäki Pekka Tani Laura Hokkanen Matthew Dye 《Brain and cognition》2012
In this study of the project DyAdd, three aspects of visual attention were investigated in adults (18–55 years) with dyslexia (n = 35) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 22), and in healthy controls (n = 35). Temporal characteristics of visual attention were assessed with Attentional Blink (AB), capacity of visual attention with Multiple Object Tracking (MOT), and spatial aspects of visual attention with Useful Field of View (UFOV) task. Results showed that adults with dyslexia had difficulties performing the AB and UFOV tasks, which were explained by an impaired ability to process dual targets, longer AB recovery time, and deficits in processing rapidly changing visual displays. The ADHD group did not have difficulties in any of the tasks. Further, performance in the visual attention tasks predicted variation in measures of phonological processing and reading when all of the participants were considered together. Thus, difficulties in tasks of visual attention were related to dyslexia and variation of visual attention had a role in the reading ability of the general population. 相似文献
200.
Natalie M. V. Morrison Denis Burnham Ben W. Morrison 《Applied cognitive psychology》2015,29(3):436-444
Unitary‐resource models posit a collective attentional resource responsible for sustaining information processing across all modalities. In contrast, multiple‐resource models presume a system of modality‐independent resources. The two models predict similar within‐modal performance, but seemingly contradictory cross‐modal performance. Discordant outcomes in past research are here hypothesized to result from inconsistent levels of cognitive load imposed within experimental tasks. Participants monitored two simultaneously presented alphabetic letter arrays consisting of the serial presentation of a target and multiple distractors. The dual‐task design required the identification of targets in within‐modal and cross‐modal trials. Cognitive load was manipulated by altering the presentation rate of the letters. While cross‐modal performance was generally superior and cognitive load was associated with decreasing performance, the cross‐modal advantage prominent at low levels of cognitive load was absent under high cognitive load. Therefore, neither resource model can alone account for dual‐task processing, suggesting the role of a hierarchical resource model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献