三类多层中介效应分析方法比较

比较了贝叶斯法、Monte Carlo法和参数Bootstrap法在2-1-1多层中介分析中的表现。结果发现：1)有先验信息的贝叶斯法的中介效应点估计和区间估计都最准确;2)无先验信息的贝叶斯法、Monte Carlo法、偏差校正和未校正的参数Bootstrap法的中介效应点估计和区间估计表现相当,但Monte Carlo法在第Ⅰ类错误率和区间宽度指标上表现略优于其他三种方法,偏差校正的Bootstrap法在统计检验力上表现略优于其他三种方法,但在第Ⅰ类错误率上表现最差;结果表明,当有先验信息时,推荐使用贝叶斯法;当先验信息不可得时,推荐使用Monte Carlo法。     

西方哲学史中的理性主义和非理性主义

理性主义是西方哲学两千多年发展的主导方面,非理性主义是其附属方面,双方构成西方哲学史中的一对矛盾,后者是在前者的基础上再加超越和提升的结果.这一矛盾来自古希腊理性的两大精神要素逻各斯和努斯的交替上升,体现为柏拉图的"迷狂说",但不是前理性的迷狂,而是理性基础上的迷狂,有别于中国传统的非理性.西方哲学的非理性是由理性中的努斯发展出来的,但常与宗教神秘主义合一,到黑格尔才明确将二者分开,但仍免不了堕入理性神学.     

关于监测深低温停循环主动脉手术期间脊髓缺血性损伤的思考

脊髓缺血再灌注损伤（spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury,SCIRI）是深低温停循环（deep hypothermic circulatoryarrest,DHCA）主动脉手术期间一种致命性的并发症,它对患者和其家属及医务人员带来严重的身心危害。在DHCA主动脉手术期间早期监测...     

任务类型对上下视野优势的影响

视觉信息加工的单侧视野优势效应一直是认知心理学领域的研究热点。本研究采用变化检测范式探讨文字和几何信息在上下视野中的优势效应。结果发现：当加工文字材料时,颜色和位置检测任务均出现上部视野优势效应;加工几何图形时,则出现下部视野优势效应。上述结果表明,任务信息所需要的加工类型影响上下视野的优势效应,支持Previc提出的视野优势效应的生态假说。     

Acute starvation in C57BL/6J mice increases myocardial UCP2 and UCP3 protein expression levels and decreases mitochondrial bio-energetic function

Associations between uncoupling protein (UCP) expression and functional changes in myocardial mitochondrial bio-energetics have not been well studied during periods of starvation stress. Our aim was to study the effects of acute starvation, for 24 or 48 h, on combined cardiac mitochondrial function and UCP expression in mice. Isolated heart mitochondria from female mice starved for 48 h compared to that from mice fed revealed a significantly (p < 0.05) decreased adenosine diphosphate-to-oxygen ratio, a significantly increased proton leak and an increased GTP inhibition on palmitic acid-induced state 4 oxygen consumption (p < 0.05). These bio-energetic functional changes were associated with increases in mitochondrial UCP2 and UCP3 protein expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased UCP2 and UCP3 levels may contribute to decreased myocardial mitochondrial bio-energetic function due to starvation.     

Ursolic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits in mouse brain through suppressing p38/NF-κB mediated inflammatory pathways

Evidence indicates that systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces brain inflammation, ultimately resulting in cognitive deficits. Ursolic acid (UA), a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, is well known to possess multiple biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we assessed the protective effect of UA against the LPS-induced cognitive deficits in mice. We found that UA significantly improved cognitive deficits of LPS-treated mice in open field, step-through passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. One potential mechanism of this action was attributed to the decreased production of pro-inflammatory markers including COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6 in LPS-treated mouse brain. Mechanistically, UA markedly inhibited LPS-induced IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and p38 activation in mouse brain, but did not affect the activation of TLR4, MyD88, ERK, JNK and Akt. Taken together, these results suggest that UA may be useful for mitigating inflammation-associated brain disorders by inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors production, at least in part, through blocking the p38/NF-κB signaling pathways.     

Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.     

对不公正历史事件的情绪反应—— 群体内疚

只要个体把自己归于施害群体, 并且承认所属群体对不道德的行为负有责任, 而无需自己参与其中, 就会体验到群体内疚, 它是一种自我聚焦的情绪。内群体责任、伤害行为的正当化、知觉到的补偿困难等认知因素都会影响群体内疚程度, 而个体的优先价值观和国家认同等会造成成员间群体内疚体验的个体差异。群体内疚的体验会促进施害群体对受害群体的道歉和补偿支持。将来伤害行为的群体内疚, 以及与其他情绪的综合考察方面还需要进一步研究。     

青少年患者自主权的伦理合理性及其限度

青少年患者是否享有自主权,这在当代无论是理论还是实践上都是一个广为争议的话题.文章从伦理的视角时青少年患者自主权存在的伦理合理性进行了论证,作者认为,青少年患者自主权的存在不仅具有契约论、目的论和道义论的基础,而且也是尊重青少年身心发展规律的要求.当然,任何权利都有其限度,青少年患者自主权不得超越病人福利原则、不伤害原则和公正原则的限制.