A daily diary study of the relationships among daily self-compassion,perceived stress and health-promoting behaviours

Previous studies consistently found that trait self-compassion is positively associated with health-promoting behaviours, and perceived stress mediates the relationship. The current study primarily aimed at examining whether state self-compassion varying from day to day (daily self-compassion) played the same role as trait self-compassion in improving health-promoting behaviours and whether or not perceived stress would be the mediator in this relationship. Eighty-nine Chinese employees were recruited to finish demographic information and the trait measure of self-compassion first, and then finish daily diaries for seven consecutive days. Daily diary measures included daily self-compassion, perceived stress and health-promoting behaviours including both eating behaviours and exercise behaviours. The results of 1-1-1 multilevel mediation analyses showed that, at both the within- and between-person level, daily self-compassion could positively predict daily eating behaviour through the reduction of perceived stress. However, daily self-compassion did not influence exercise behaviour at both levels. The results of 2-1-1 multilevel mediation analyses cross-validated the between-person relationships in the 1-1-1 multilevel mediation models. These results suggest that, both short-term interventions aiming at increasing state self-compassion and long-term interventions aiming at increasing trait self-compassion can benefit one's eating behaviours through the reduction of stress.     

计算机自适应测验在特质焦虑量表中的运用

将基于项目反应理论的计算机自适应测验运用于特质焦虑量表,考察这一测验形式在人格测量中所具有的特性.收集特质焦虑量表真实纸笔作答数据,选用合适的心理测量模型,模拟计算机自适应测验.结果表明：相对纸笔测验而言,计算机自适应测验的测试效率更高、对被试的分辨力更强、结果更直观.计算机自适应测验在人格测量中的实践值得进一步探索.     

卡车驾驶员视觉选择性注意研究

采用注意力测验量表,对２８０名男性卡车驾驶员的视觉选择性注意进行了测量。研究发现：事故组与安全组卡车驾驶员的完成时间、漏划数和平均每秒正确删数有很显著差异,错划数有显著差异;事故多发组与安全组卡车驾驶员的完成时间和平均每秒删数有很显著差异,错划数有显著差异;年龄对卡车驾驶员的视觉选择性注意有显著影响,随着年龄的增加,卡车驾驶员完成视觉选择性注意作业的时间增长,漏划数和错划数增多,平均每秒正确删数减少,而４０－５０岁则是卡车驾驶员视觉选择性注意速度和准确性下降的转折点。     

不同语境下汉语三声连续变调发生规律初探

采用命名任务,考察真／假词条件下,三声连续变调规律的运用及其对语音提取的影响。实验结果显示．(1)普通话流利者具有三声连续变调意识,变调的发生不受三声字所在语境的影响;(2)三声连续变调的发生影响词汇语音提取,但对类型不同的词,其影响方式存在差异。对阅读错误的分析为讨论提供了进一步证据。     

也谈经学与哲学的关系

<正>经学在中国有着两千多年的历史,"哲学"概念引入中国并随之成为中国的一门现代学科却是晚近的事情。1913 年 1 月,民国政府教育部公布新的《大学规程》,经学遭到废止。当时在一些学者中间,围绕学校是否应该保留经学学科的问题展开过争论。然而,经学因为失去了必要的生存空间,最终还是在 20 世纪的中国逐渐走向了衰落 ( 甚至是衰亡)。《哲学研究》2011 年第1 期和第2 期连载了     

父母冲突与大学生宿舍冲突方式的关系:自我分化的中介作用

采用分层整群抽样的方法从北京四所不同类型大学选取1023名大一至大四的学生进行问卷调查,以探讨大学生感知到的父母冲突对其宿舍冲突方式的影响,以及大学生的自我分化在其中的中介作用。通过SPSS19.0和AMOS 17.0软件进行方差分析、相关分析和结构方程模型分析,结果表明:(1)总体来说,大学生最常见的宿舍冲突方式是合作,其次是顺从、回避,最少见的是竞争,而且男生采用竞争宿舍冲突方式的频率显著高于女生;(2)大学生感知到的父母冲突与其自我分化水平呈显著负相关,与消极的宿舍冲突方式(顺从、回避和竞争)呈显著正相关,但与积极的宿舍冲突方式(合作)相关不显著;(3)大学生自我分化水平与消极的宿舍冲突方式(顺从、回避和竞争)呈显著负相关,但只有其中两个维度(情绪反应和自我位置)与积极的宿舍冲突方式(合作)呈显著正相关;(4)大学生的自我分化在父母冲突与消极宿舍冲突方式的关系中起中介作用,并且中介模式存在性别差异:自我分化在父母冲突与女生消极宿舍冲突的关系中起完全中介作用,但在父母冲突与男生消极宿舍冲突的关系中起部分中介作用。     

高强迫症状个体对图片刺激的注意偏向

以往强迫症注意偏向研究呈现出不一致的结果。为探索研究结果的不一致性是否由于被试取样和刺激选择所导致,当前研究改用非临床强迫症状个体作为研究对象,采用图片作为刺激来引发被试的反应和脑电波的变化。研究采用2(高强迫症状组、低强迫症状组)×3(中性图片、一般威胁图片和强迫相关图片)的混合实验设计,因变量为反应时和相关的脑电成分,结果显示:高强迫症状组较低强迫症状组对强迫相关图片表现出了更大幅度的P2波幅的变化。从而可以推断出,高强迫症状个体对强迫相关图片表现出了明显的注意偏向,其成分为注意脱困,主要发生在早期自动化加工阶段。     

Bidirectional Associations Among Sensitive Parenting,Language Development,and Social Competence

Rapid changes in language skills and social competence, both of which are linked to sensitive parenting, characterize early childhood. The present study examines bidirectional associations among mothers' sensitive parenting and children's language skills and social competence from 24 to 36 months in a community sample of 174 families. In addition, this study examines how these developmental pathways vary by child sex. Findings indicate stability across time in sensitive parenting, expressive language skills, and social competence, as well as positive main effects of sensitive parenting on expressive and receptive language skills for girls and boys. We find mixed evidence over time of reciprocal links between social competence and sensitive parenting. Further, boys' receptive language skills at 24 months uniquely contribute to increases in mothers' observed sensitive parenting from 24 to 36 months. These findings highlight the utility of applying transactional frameworks to the study of sex‐based differences in early developmental processes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.