团队中信任形成的映象决策机制

有关团队管理的研究日益注重团队行为过程及其因素并聚焦团队动力机制。其中,团队中信任形成机制成为管理心理学中的前沿领域。以往研究表明,团队成员间的信任模式及其水平是高绩效工作团队的关键条件,团队中信任的形成过程受到成员的个体价值取向、人际交往能力、团队领导风格以及团队共享心理模型特征等诸多因素的影响。而团队信任形成与发展的机制,则仍然是有待深入研究的重要课题。为了进一步研究与分析团队运作机制,以映象理论为基础,采用了实验模拟方法,系统考察团队成员信任的形成过程及其关键特征,深入探索团队成员信任形成的映象决策机制。实验采用团队局域网络模拟方法和被试间因子式设计,分别设置了高目标冲突（个体目标导向）和低目标冲突（团队目标导向）等两种条件。对随机组合的20个团队进行了投资任务的实验模拟与分析,结果表明,团队成员的信任决策是一种映象决策,表现出拒绝阈限。在建立信任关系的过程中,理想映象和当前映象的加工对能力和诚信更加重视,容易导致不信任;而对善意的要求稍宽一些。团队成员在工作任务中对理想映象和当前映象之间进行相容性检验,并作出信任决策判断。在这一动态过程中,相容性知觉起着部分中介作用,形成了映象决策的机制     

就"亲亲互隐"问题答四儒生

本文对陈乔见、丁为祥、龚建平、胡治洪四位儒生关于我的《再议"亲亲相隐"的腐败倾向》一文所提出的商榷文章作出了逐个回应,指出四位先生由于忽视了理性和逻辑,而在苏格拉底是否赞同子告父罪、"亲亲相隐"是义务还是权利,以及如何理解儒家的"私亲"和"推思"的关系、家庭血缘伦理与国家法律的关系、儒家和专制的关系以及理性和仁德的关系等方面造成了一系列的误解,提出在当今我国改革开放的时代条件下,首要的任务是建立健全的法制和人权观念,而不是努力恢复旧道德中导致腐败的"亲亲相隐"义务.     

数学学习困难儿童的编码加工特点:基于PASS理论的研究

同时加工和继时加工是PASS模型中的两类编码加工,二者在数学学习中发挥重要作用。使用基于PASS理论的认知评估系统（DN：CAS）单纯型数学困难、混合型数学困难和正常小学生进行两类编码加工的测评,比较研究发现,两类困难学生的两类编码加工水平均显著低于正常儿童,两类困难学生间的同时加工差异不显著,而混合型困难学生的继时加工水平显著低于单纯型困难学生。较低的同时加工水平似乎是两类数学困难的共同特征,继时加工水平的差异则似可作为单纯型与混合型困难的区分指标之一。     

认知、需求、情绪因素与大学生培养决策中的有限理性

本文从行为科学的角度对大学生成长过程中的培养决策,因认知、需求、情绪因素的影响而导致的偏差进行分析研究,在此基础上提出大学生培养决策中"有限理性"的观点 ,为进一步促进大学生人才培养和素质拓展工作中的有效性,为提高大学生思想教育工作的专业化水平,构筑科学、合理的人才培养体系提供参考.     

制造业员工社会支持、职业倦怠与生活满意度的关系

为探讨制造业员工职业倦怠、社会支持与生活满意度的现状及三者间的内在关系,本研究采用职业倦怠、社会支持与生活满意度三个量表对1354名员工进行测查。结果表明:(1)制造业员工职业倦怠总体水平不高,但是,成就感低落比较明显,接近中度水平;(2)女员工社会支持、生活满意度高于男员工;(3)生活满意度与社会支持正相关显著,与职业倦怠负相关显著;社会支持与职业倦怠负相关显著;(4)社会支持对生活满意度具有显著的正向预测作用,不仅可直接影响生活满意度,还可通过职业倦怠的部分中介作用影响生活满意度。研究表明,可通过提高制造业员工社会支持,以减轻其职业倦怠程度,提高其社会满意度。     

The Mediating Roles of Work–Family Conflict and Facilitation in the Relations Between Leisure Experience and Job/Life Satisfaction Among Employees in Shanghai Banking Industry

In this study, we explore whether the relationship between leisure experience and job/life satisfaction is mediated by work–family conflict and facilitation, and how these effect coefficients varied among different demographic groups of gender, marital status as well as parental status. With the survey data from 1706 employees in the Shanghai banking industry, we found work–family conflict and facilitation acted as mediators between leisure experience and job/life satisfaction. In all demographic groups, work–family conflict was negatively related with leisure experience and job/life satisfaction. Conversely, work–family facilitation was positively related with leisure experience and job/life satisfaction. Moreover, we found (1) compared with the case for males, the negative effect coefficient of work–family conflict on job satisfaction was significantly higher in female samples. (2) The positive effect coefficients of leisure experience on work–family facilitation was higher for married couples than for unmarried employees. (3) For employees who had children, the negative effect coefficient of leisure experience on work–family conflict as well as the positive effect coefficient of leisure experience on work–family facilitation were significantly higher than for employees who had no children. The results of this study suggest that employees in the banking industry would experience a lower level of work–family conflict and better maintain work–family facilitation by engaging in leisure pursuits with their family. The limitations of this study were discussed as well.     

形而上学的原初“制作”——西方哲学诞生的技术现象学考察

探讨形而上学的原初制作,意味着要从技艺的角度去追问原初形而上学的构造。本文拟从语言技艺的技术现象学视域,来尝试探索从柏拉图到亚里士多德之原初形而上学制作的隐秘。一、原初形而上学与语言技艺一般认为,形而上学的形成以巴门尼德的存在学说为其开端,中经苏格拉底-柏拉图的理念论,在亚里士多德的形而上学中初步完成。(张志伟等,第16页)这个观点并非没有争议。譬如,     

On Whether B-Theoretic Atheists Should Fear Death

In this paper I revisit a dispute between Mikel Burley and Robin Le Poidevin about whether or not the B-theory of time can give its adherents any reason to be less afraid of death. In ‘Should a B-theoretic atheist fear death?’, Burley argues that even on Le Poidevin’s understanding of the B-theory, atheists shouldn’t be comforted. His reason is that the prevalent B-theoretic account of our attitudes towards the past and future precludes treating our fear of death as unwarranted. I examine his argument and provide a tentative defense of Le Poidevin. I claim that while Burley rightly spots a tension with a non-revisionary approach to our ordinary emotional life, he doesn’t isolate the source of that tension. The real question is how to understand Le Poidevin’s idea that on the B-theory, we and our lives are ‘eternally real’. I then suggest that there is a view of time that does justice to Le Poidevin’s remarks, albeit a strange one. The view takes temporal relations to be quasi-spatial and temporal entities to exist in a totum simul.     

Emerging Practices of Counseling and Psychotherapy in China: Ethical Dilemmas in Dual Relationships

A qualitative study was conducted with 48 Chinese counselors and psychotherapists who were interviewed in 2006 and an independent sample of 50 participants who responded to a survey in 2014. This study aims to explore how the new emerging expansion of mental health practice is related to issues and challenges of dual role relationship and how the well-engrained values and social characteristics of Chinese culture influences perceptions and resolution of ethical dilemmas. The participants identified similar dual relationships in 2006 and 2014: (a) Incidental boundary crossings, a sexual or romantic relationship, a dual social relationship, and a professional dual relationship were the most frequently reported types of dual relationships encountered by Chinese practitioners, and (b) the socioeconomic and cultural context and the development trajectory of counseling and psychotherapy in China play a significant role in shaping practitioners’ behaviors. The comparison of the data in 2006 and 2014 indicated that practitioners in psychotherapy and counseling have an improved awareness and understanding of ethical issues, evidenced by the decreasing cases of romantic and sexual relationships and increasing cases of social dual relationships influenced by the interrelatedness of traditional Chinese culture.     

Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with negatively variable impacts on domains of sleep disturbances: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep disturbances are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the features of sleep disturbances are not well understood. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of SLE on specific sleep quality domains and to determine its prevalence and associations. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the sleep outcomes of individuals with SLE and healthy controls. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science CNKI, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to find the published literatures (from these databases established to May 2017). Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the qualities of included studies were evaluated. The data was analyzed using Revman5.3 software. Score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scoring system was used as the outcome measurement, and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Five studies were included, including 350 SLE and 1396 healthy controls. A total of 5 studies including 827 patients were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, each domain of the PSQI score: subjective sleep quality (MD, .58; 95% CI, .26, .89), sleep latency(MD, .47; 95% CI, .21, .73), sleep duration (MD, .36; 95% CI, .13, .58), habitual sleep efficiency (MD, .58; 95% CI, .32, .84),sleep disorders (MD, .56; 95% CI, .34, .77), use of sleep medication (MD, .56; 95% CI, .33, .80), daytime dysfunction (MD, .57; 95% CI, .11, 1.04) and the global score (MD, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.37, 5.80) were higher in SLE women than healthy controls. Furthermore, subjective sleep quality and habitual sleep efficiency were most severely affected especially. It demonstrated that targeted interventions should be done to improve their sleep quality. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are essential to reduce the negative impact of sleep disturbances on the patient’s sleep quality and outcome of their disease.