The Benefits of the Learn to Think Program for Preschoolers’ Creativity: An Explorative Study

This paper presents the Learn to Think preschool (LTT-P) program for promoting creativity in preschoolers and reviews its potential benefits. LTT-P was designed within the framework of the successful LTT creativity program for older students and both were developed to fit the Chinese education system. To assess the potential benefits of LTT-P, a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group study was conducted in a preschool in an urban region in the northwest of China, involving 68 middle level and 87 senior level children. The Lines and Circles subtests of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking were used to examine the development of children's creativity on the dimensions fluency, originality, and elaboration between pretest and posttest. The results suggest that the LTT-P program has the potential to promote young children's creative thinking, especially with regard to the aspects of originality and elaboration. The results for fluency are less clear. To the best of our knowledge, LTT-P is the first program, grounded in a structured learning theory and sound curriculum framework, to support children's creativity development in Chinese early childhood education.     

父母养育方式、性格优势对心理和谐的影响

在生态系统理论的基础上提出一个中介模型,探究大学生父母养育方式与心理和谐的关系,以及性格优势的中介作用.采用父母养育方式问卷、心理和谐问卷和性格优势问卷对384名在校大学生进行调查.结果显示:(1)积极养育方式、性格优势两者对心理和谐有显著正向预测作用,其中性格优势的预测贡献率约为积极养育方式的1.9倍;(2)性格优势在积极养育方式与心理和谐之间起到显著的部分中介作用,且中介效应占总效应的42.075％.     

Attitude of Medical School Students in China Towards Genetic Testing and Counseling Issues in FXS

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. However, genetic testing protocols and genetic counseling guidelines for FXS are not yet established in mainland China. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using a self-administered questionnaire among students at the Xiangya medical school to investigate their attitude towards genetic testing and counseling issues of FXS. We have gained a general understanding of the attitudes of medical students towards these FXS issues in China. This information is of immense importance to develop appropriate genetic tests and to train counselors for FXS. As the medical school students surveyed are prospective physicians who will be a part of the Chinese health system, our survey was focused on the basic knowledge of FXS, population-based FXS screening, confidentiality and reproductive options for mutation carriers. The study demonstrated that only less than one third of the participants had heard about FXS. 94.6 % of participants were in favor of FXS screening for women in their reproductive age who had a genetic history of FXS. Furthermore, only half of the participants would inform their families about their genetic status in case of positive test results, and more than half of the participants supported natural conception and prenatal diagnosis for FXS mutation carriers. Additional findings and research implications are also discussed. This survey targeting potential doctors provides important information for the development of FXS genetic test and counselor training for the Chinese health system.     

How organizational cultures shape social cognition for newcomer voices

Drawing on cue consensus theory and status characteristics theory, we argue that the consensus between newcomer voice (challenging vs. supportive) and organizational culture (individualistic vs. collectivistic) leads to observers' social cognition of warmth or competence. Based on two survey studies and two experiment studies, we found that individualistic organizational culture strengthens the positive relationship between challenging voice and perceived competence and that voice constructiveness mediates this moderating effect. We also found that collectivistic organizational culture strengthens the positive relationship between supportive voice and perceived warmth, and prosocial motivation mediates this moderating effect. Focusing on consistent cues between voice and organizational culture, our research contributes to the voice literature, answering when and how both newcomer challenging voice and supportive voice can lead to perceived warmth and competence. Our results offer both theoretical implications and practical insights for employees and organizations.     

饥无食寒无衣则乱无治:社会保障感受与不道德行为的关系

从社会心理学的角度探索社会保障感受与不道德行为的关系,及焦虑在其中的作用。用三个实验对假设进行检验,实验1和实验2探索社会保障感受对不道德行为的影响; 实验3则进一步探索焦虑在其中的作用。回归分析表明,社会保障感受可显著预测人们的不道德行为,社会保障感受越低人们的不道德行为越多; 焦虑在其中起中介作用,低社会保障感受会促进焦虑的产生,继而增加不道德行为。研究从社会心理学角度探索并证实了社会保障感受引发不道德行为的微观心理机制,拓宽了社会保障的伦理道德价值研究视域,为未来从社会心理学的角度研究社会保障与伦理道德的关系提供了可资借鉴的思路。     

社会面子意识、冲突处理策略与人际关系满意度

以大学生为对象,采取整群取样的方式,研究了大学生社会面子意识、冲突处理策略与人际关系满意度之间的关系。结果,大学生社会面子意识与人际关系满意度呈显著负相关,社会面子意识与协作策略呈显著负相关,协作式冲突处理策略与人际关系满意度呈显著正相关; 协作型冲突处理策略能正向预测大学生人际关系满意度,社会面子意识负向预测人际关系满意度; 低社会面子意识大学生在协作策略上的得分显著高于高争面子意识、高护面子意识和高社会面子意识大学生。     

规范原则以事实为根据吗?——简述科恩对一个元伦理学问题的新见解

在当代政治哲学研究中,规范原则与事实的关系是一个更具元伦理学性质的基础性问题。在这一问题上,大多数哲学家认为,规范原则是以人的本质和人的处境的事实为根据的。罗尔斯《正义论》中的一段话——正义观念必须由我们的生活条件来证明其正当性,这一点我们可能了解,也可能     

晚清英国新教传教士"适应"中国策略的三种形态及其评价

19世纪新教来华传教士为了实现宣教和基督化中国的目的,采取了各种“适应”中国的宣教策略。本文以理雅各的“中国经典”翻译为主,兼及麦都思的西学新学翻译和戴德生的“融入本土”的宣教策略,对上述三种策略的历史形成予以勾勒澄清,并作出了相应评价。     

丁韪良与西学东渐

本文从四个方面对19世纪来华传教士丁韪良在西学东渐中所起的作用作了客观的分析和评价,包括为中国翻译了第一本西方的法学著作——惠顿的《万国公法》,为中国人引进西方自然科学哲学等著作、引进西学改造京师同文馆、为汉字引入罗马字拼音等等。传教士作为一个群体而言是十分复杂的,即使作为个体的传教士也往往有多个层面,对他们的总体评价也应从多方面加以研究和考察。     

论道教善书的当代价值

道教善书是指以《太上感应篇》为发端而产生的一批道教劝善经书,包括《文昌帝君阴骘文》、《太微仙君功过格》、《关圣帝君觉世真经》、《文昌帝君蕉窗圣训》等。这些经书既可以被视为一套伦理系统,也可以被视为一套解释系统,还可以被视为一套仪式系统。以其所具有的融合性、阐释性、实践性,道教善书在当代伦理重建中具有显著的价值,可为在当代宗教冲突与对话中寻求建构普世伦理,并将其化为一种普遍的社会实践提供有益的参考。