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111.
Does attachment to a nation enhance or dampen support for the European Union (EU)? Using the 2003 and 2013 ISSP national-identity modules, we isolate and provide multi-item measures of two distinct types of national attachment—nationalism and patriotism. We find that they are positively related yet have divergent effects. We validate the measures showing that nationalism increases, and patriotism decreases, support for nationalistic policies (anti-immigration and protectionism) as expected. We then test the effects of nationalism and patriotism on EU attitudes and find that nationalism increases, and patriotism decreases, opposition to the EU. The presence of a neo-nationalist political party enhanced the effects of nationalism on opposition to the EU, underscoring the importance of political rhetoric in shaping nationalistic EU opposition. In further support of the rhetoric hypothesis, the most-educated nationalists are most likely to oppose the EU in countries with a neo-nationalist political party and vote for such parties when present. 相似文献
112.
Annalisa Esposito Mateu Servera Gloria Garcia-Banda Ennio Del Giudice 《Journal of child and family studies》2016,25(4):1208-1217
Despite difficulties measuring parenting styles, many studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between disruptive children and certain parenting practices. One of the most frequently used scales to measure parenting styles is the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ). This scale was originally defined based on theoretical dimensions and using samples from the USA. Therefore, both factor analysis studies and its adaptation to other countries have been proposed to improve and widen its use. The aim of this study was to adapt the APQ to the Italian population. A community sample of 258 mothers and children (94 %) and 192 fathers (70 %) from 274 families with children from 10- to 14-years-old who agreed to participate and met the inclusion criteria completed the APQ. Principal components and exploratory factor analyses resulted in a unique 19-item version of the APQ for mothers, fathers, and children. This unified version has resulted in two factor categories: positive (12 items) and negative parenting (7 items). The internal consistency and goodness of fit of the model were satisfactory. Moderate and significant convergent validity were found for mothers and fathers but not for children. In fact, we found differences in validity rates among the participants. Children perceived less positive and more negative parenting than did fathers and mothers, and mothers believed that they provided more positive parenting than did other parents. In conclusion, the APQ Italian version of the parents and children global report forms are considered a suitable measure for positive and negative parenting styles with acceptable validity and reliability indices. 相似文献
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115.
The finding that rates of body dissatisfaction in women remain relatively stable across the adult lifespan may be due to older
women having fewer but heavier age-relevant comparisons in the media. To examine this, magazine images that depict women’s
full bodies were coded for age, body size, and clothedness. Analyses suggest that overall, older women are not well represented
in this medium. In addition, magazines aimed at younger women depict younger and thinner models than do those magazines with
a larger percentage of older readers. Moreover, across magazines, younger models are thinner and less clothed than older models.
Thus, larger body ideals portrayed in the media, in combination with increased weight with age, may contribute to similarities
in body satisfaction over the lifespan.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Psychological Science, New York,
NY, May 2006. 相似文献
116.
Memory research on the part-set cuing effect has shown that providing some of the to-be-remembered items as cues is not always
beneficial and, in some cases, may even hurt retrieval. However, part-set cuing has been sparsely investigated in option generation
tasks. Thus, limited empirical evidence for the existence of the effect in option generation is available, and no convincing
explanation has been provided yet. In order to fill these gaps, we carried out four experiments. In Experiment 1A, we observed
a significant decrease in option generation performance when potential options were presented as cues. Experiment 1B showed
that the effect can also be obtained in older adults. Experiments 2A and 2B provided evidence compatible with an inhibition-based
explanation of the observed effects. 相似文献
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A. Elaine Crnkovic Robert L. Del Campo Robert Steiner 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2000,22(2):147-160
This study explored perceptions of 92 mental health professionals regarding violent families. They were asked to answer the questions on the Family Environment Scale as they thought women who lived in homes where they and their children were physically and/or psychologically abused would respond. Their scores were compared to those of 28 mothers in battered women's shelters. They differed significantly in their perceptions of violent family dynamics with regard to levels of cohesion, expressiveness, independence, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational emphasis, and moral-religious emphasis. They believed the women to have lower levels on these constructs than the women actually reported. Implications suggest that mental health professionals could be more aware of the dynamics of violent families in order to efficiently uncover the violence during therapy sessions and provide appropriate services. 相似文献
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120.
Serena Carnì Nicola Petrocchi Carlamaria Del Miglio Francesco Mancini Alessandro Couyoumdjian 《Cognitive processing》2013,14(4):333-346
Various authors hold that some emotions (i.e., moral emotions) have the function of orienting people toward ethical actions. In addition to embarrassment, shame and pride, the moral emotion of guilt is believed to affect humans’ behavior when they carry out transgressions that violate social and cultural standards. Over the past century, many studies (including controversial ones) have been conducted on guilt. In this study, we analyzed and summarized mainly the most recent literature on this emotion. On one side, the destructiveness of guilt is emphasized. It inflicts punishment and pain on individuals for their errors and can lead to psychopathology (e.g., depression). On the other side, it is described as a “friendly” emotion that motivates behavior adapted to social and cultural rules. How can this asymmetry be explained? Different existing views on guilt are presented and discussed, together with recent proposals, supported by research data. Finally, we discussed some systematic models that try to incorporate these different views in a single framework that could facilitate future researches. 相似文献