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331.
The objectives of this study were to examine psychological sequalae of loss of a spouse in late life especially the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and possible predictors of PTSD and symptom development. Fifty-four bereaved Danes (mean age 75 years) from five geographically different areas were studied by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), and the Crisis Support Scale (CSS). One month after the loss, 27% of the subjects had PTSD. Six months after the loss, this number decreased to 17%; if the A2 criterion was dismissed, the number increased to 24%. Lack of expressive ability, numbing, fear of death or illness, and helplessness in relation to the loss predicted 73% of the variance of the HTQ-total scores. The study concluded that for a considerable number of elderly, losing a spouse in late life appeared to be a traumatic experience. Pre- and peritraumatic factors together with numbing were important predictors of traumatization. Research implications are discussed. 相似文献
332.
Vizek-Vidović V Kuterovac-Jagodić G Arambasić L 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2000,41(4):297-306
This study examines affective and behavioral symptomatology in two groups of school-age children who were traumatized to different degrees during the war in Croatia (N = 1034). Six self-reported questionnaires were used to assess the following: number and type of war experiences, PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, psychosomatic symptoms, and psychosocial adaptation. Canonical discriminant analysis yielded a significant discriminant function that indicates moderate differentiation between the two groups of children according to the assessed symptoms. The results of a 2 x 2 x 2 ANOVAs (gender x age x level of traumatization) indicate that the children's reactions to war traumata varied in respect to all factors, as well as their interaction. The results indicate that gender differences are more prominent in older children. Older girls report more posttraumatic stress reactions, anxiety and depression, but at the same time seem better adapted than boys. Younger children, particularly those who survived more war even report more PTSD symptoms than older children. 相似文献
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Porntida Tanjitpiyanond Jolanda Jetten Kim Peters Ashwini Ashokkumar Oumar Barry Matthew Billet Maja Becker Robert W. Booth Diego Castro Juana Chinchilla Giulio Costantini Egon Dejonckheere Girts Dimdins Yasemin Erbas Agustín Espinosa Gillian Finchilescu Ángel Gómez Roberto González Nobuhiko Goto Aya Hatano Lea Hartwich Somboon Jarukasemthawee Jaya Kumar Karunagharan Lindsay M. Novak Jinseok P. Kim Michal Kohút Yi Liu Steve Loughnan Ike E. Onyishi Charity N. Onyishi Micaela Varela Iris S. Pattara-angkoon Müjde Peker Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn Muhammad Rizwan Eunkook M. Suh William Swann Eddie M. W. Tong Rhiannon N. Turner Niels Vanhasbroeck Paul A. M. Van Lange Christin-Melanie Vauclair Alexander Vinogradov Grace Wacera Zhechen Wang Susilo Wibisono Victoria Wai-Lan Yeung 《European journal of social psychology》2023,53(2):367-382
There is a growing body of work suggesting that social class stereotypes are amplified when people perceive higher levels of economic inequality—that is, the wealthy are perceived as more competent and assertive and the poor as more incompetent and unassertive. The present study tested this prediction in 32 societies and also examines the role of wealth-based categorization in explaining this relationship. We found that people who perceived higher economic inequality were indeed more likely to consider wealth as a meaningful basis for categorization. Unexpectedly, however, higher levels of perceived inequality were associated with perceiving the wealthy as less competent and assertive and the poor as more competent and assertive. Unpacking this further, exploratory analyses showed that the observed tendency to stereotype the wealthy negatively only emerged in societies with lower social mobility and democracy and higher corruption. This points to the importance of understanding how socio-structural features that co-occur with economic inequality may shape perceptions of the wealthy and the poor. 相似文献
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Maja Rogić Vidaković Ana Jerković Tomislav Jurić Igor Vujović Joško Šoda Nikola Erceg Andreja Bubić Marina Zmajević Schönwald Pantelis Lioumis Dragan Gabelica Zoran Đogaš 《Cognitive processing》2016,17(4):429-442
Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have so far reported the results of mapping the primary motor cortex (M1) for hand and tongue muscles in stuttering disorder. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for locating the M1 for laryngeal muscle and premotor cortical area in the caudal opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus, corresponding to Broca’s area in stuttering subjects by applying new methodology for mapping these motor speech areas. Sixteen stuttering and eleven control subjects underwent rTMS motor speech mapping using modified patterned rTMS. The subjects performed visual object naming task during rTMS applied to the (a) left M1 for laryngeal muscles for recording corticobulbar motor-evoked potentials (CoMEP) from cricothyroid muscle and (b) left premotor cortical area in the caudal opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus while recording long latency responses (LLR) from cricothyroid muscle. The latency of CoMEP in control subjects was 11.75 ± 2.07 ms and CoMEP amplitude was 294.47 ± 208.87 µV, and in stuttering subjects CoMEP latency was 12.13 ± 0.75 ms and 504.64 ± 487.93 µV CoMEP amplitude. The latency of LLR in control subjects was 52.8 ± 8.6 ms and 54.95 ± 4.86 in stuttering subjects. No significant differences were found in CoMEP latency, CoMEP amplitude, and LLR latency between stuttering and control-fluent speakers. These results indicate there are probably no differences in stuttering compared to controls in functional anatomy of the pathway used for transmission of information from premotor cortex to the M1 cortices for laryngeal muscle representation and from there via corticobulbar tract to laryngeal muscles. 相似文献
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Ljiljana Milivojević 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2016,66(2):282-290
Serbia’s northern province of Vojvodina has historically been home to people of different religions, cultures, and languages. Over the past century, the region experienced three wars and tremendous demographic change, which led to inter-group conflict. Projection and projective identification are dominant mechanisms in these social groups; distrust is prevalent, stemming from a series of transgenerational events and memory transmissions. A large group was formed from members of different ethnic groups with the intention of enabling the participants to gain awareness of their own role in these national/religious conflicts. This article discusses the formation and outcome of this experiment. 相似文献
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