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131.
Rosalind Crawley Stephanie Wilkie Jenny Gamble Debra K. Creedy Jenny Fenwick Nicola Cockburn Susan Ayers 《Applied cognitive psychology》2018,32(5):584-591
Evidence for memory characteristic differences between trauma and other memories in non‐clinical samples is inconsistent. However, trauma is frequently confounded with the event recalled. This study compares trauma and nontrauma memories for the same event, childbirth, in a non‐clinical sample of 285 women 4–6 weeks after birth. None of the women met diagnostic criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder. Traumatic birth, defined by the DSM‐5 event criterion, was reported by 100 women. The ratings of some memory characteristics did not differ between memories for traumatic and nontraumatic birth: All were rated highly coherent and central to women's lives, with moderate sensory memory. However, women who experienced traumatic births reported more involuntary recall, reliving, and negative/mixed emotions. Thus, trauma memories differed from nontrauma memories. In this non‐clinical sample, this is likely to be due to encoding during trauma rather than the distinctive memory profile for memories retrieved by those experiencing trauma symptoms. 相似文献
132.
133.
Deborah Roth Ledley Richard G. Heimberg Debra A. Hope Sarah A. Hayes Talia I. Zaider Melanie Van Dyke Cynthia L. Turk Cynthia Kraus David M. Fresco 《Behavior Therapy》2009,40(4):414-424
Social anxiety disorder is a prevalent and impairing disorder for which viable cognitive-behavioral therapies exist. However, these treatments have not been easily packaged for dissemination and may be underutilized as a result. The current study reports on the findings of a randomized controlled trial of a manualized and workbook-driven individual cognitive-behavioral treatment for social anxiety disorder (Hope, Heimberg, Juster, & Turk, 2000; Hope, Heimberg, & Turk, 2006). This treatment package was derived from an empirically supported group treatment for social anxiety disorder and intended for broad dissemination, but it has not previously been subjected to empirical examination on its own. As a first step in that examination, 38 clients seeking treatment for social anxiety disorder at either the Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple University or the Anxiety Disorders Clinic of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln were randomly assigned to receive either immediate treatment with this cognitive-behavioral treatment package or treatment delayed for 20 weeks. Evaluation at the posttreatment/postdelay period revealed substantially greater improvements among immediate treatment clients on interviewer-rated and self-report measures of social anxiety and impairment. Three-month follow-up assessment revealed maintenance of gains. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
134.
Resource allocation during spoken discourse processing: Effects of age and passage difficulty as revealed by self-paced listening 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The allocation of processing resources during spoken discourse comprehension was studied in a manner analogous to self-paced reading using the auditory moving window technique (Ferreira, Henderson, Anes, Weeks, & McFarlane, 1996). Young and older participants listened to spoken passages in a self-paced segment-by-segment fashion. In Experiment 1, we examined the influence of speech rate and passage complexity on discourse encoding and recall performance. In Experiment 2, we examined the influence of speech rate and presentation mode (self-paced vs. full-passage presentation) on recall performance. Results suggest that diminished memory performance in the older adult group relative to the young adult group is attributable to age-related differences in how resources were allocated during the initial encoding of the spoken discourse. 相似文献
135.
Ellington L Baty BJ McDonald J Venne V Musters A Roter D Dudley W Croyle RT 《Journal of genetic counseling》2006,15(3):179-189
The educational and counseling models are often touted as the two primary professional approaches to genetic counseling practice. Yet, research has not been conducted to examine how these approaches are used in practice. In the present study, we conducted quantitative communication analyses of BRCA1 genetic counseling sessions. We measured communication variables that represent content (e.g., a biomedical focus) and process (e.g., passive listening) to explore whether genetic counselor approaches are consistent with prevailing professional models. The Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) was used to code 167 pre-test genetic counseling sessions of members of a large kindred with an identified BRCA1 mutation. Three experienced genetic counselors conducted the sessions. Creating composite categories from the RIAS codes, we found the sessions to be largely educational in nature with the counselors and clients devoting the majority of their dialogue to providing biomedical information (62 and 40%, respectively). We used cluster analytic techniques, entering the composite communication variables and identified four patterns of session communication: Client-focused psychosocial, biomedical question and answer, counselor-driven psychosocial, and client-focused biomedical. Moreover, we found that the counselors had unique styles in which they combined the use of education and counseling approaches. We discuss the importance of understanding the variation in counselor communication to advance the field and expand prevailing assumptions. 相似文献
136.
King SD Jarvis D Schlosser-Hall A 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2006,60(1-2):95-107
Chaplains have seriously discussed outpatient care for a number of years. This article describes a model of thorough and intentional outpatient care that is practiced in conjunction with an inpatient care to cancer populations. Rationales, values, institutional dynamics, and clinical care are discussed. Although the focus is on outpatient care where slightly more than 50% of personnel resources are invested, the care also occurs in the context of both inpatient care and follow-up care after discharge to home. A general model of spiritual and religious care and more specific models pertinent to hematopoietic stem cell transplant populations and general oncology populations are described. The models attend times of distress and times of "ordinary" and celebratory experiences, attend care of patient, caregiver, and staff. 相似文献
137.
Anagram tasks are frequently used in cognitive research, and the generation of new scrambled letter combinations is a task
well suited to a software solution. Most available programs, however, do not allow experimenters to generate new anagrams
flexibly or to characterize existing anagrams using psycholinguistic criteria. They also do not provide detailed information
on their source dictionaries. We present anagram software that interfaces with CELEX2, an internationally recognized psycholinguistic
database. This software allows users to capitalize on lexical variables and thus enables direct control of psycholinguistic
features that may influence the cognitive processes involved in anagram solution. 相似文献
138.
Blanchard EB Kuhn E Rowell DL Hickling EJ Wittrock D Rogers RL Johnson MR Steckler DC 《Behaviour research and therapy》2004,42(2):191-205
From mid-October 2001 through the end of November 2001, we collected fairly large sets of questionnaires from undergraduates at three public universities (Albany, NY, n = 507, Augusta, GA, n = 336, Fargo, ND, n = 526 ) to assess rate of acute stress disorder (ASD) and level of ASD symptoms following the September 11th attacks, rate of current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and level of PTSD symptoms, and current level of depressive symptoms resulting from the September 11th attacks. We also gathered information on exposure to media coverage of the attacks, connectedness to the World Trade Center (WTC) and personnel there, and degree of engagement in reparative acts such as giving blood, attending vigils. We found higher levels of ASD, ASD symptoms, PTSD and PTSD symptoms as a function of geographical proximity to New York City (and within the Albany site, proximity of students' homes) and gender. Exposure (hours of TV watched) was a predictor in some instances as was connectedness to WTC victims. ASD symptoms were the strongest predictor of subsequent PTSD symptoms. Path models accounted for over 60% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. 相似文献
139.
Parrish DM 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(3):483-491
Allegations of scientific misconduct against graduate students appear to have unique attributes in the detection, investigation, processes used and sanctions imposed vis-à-vis other populations against which misconduct is alleged and found. An examination of the cases closed by the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Research Integrity and the National Science Foundation reveals that most of the allegations made against graduate and medical students are for falsification and fabrication. Further, additional processes are used in these cases, e.g., student judicial processes, more students are "set up" and more students admit misconduct. Finally, the sanctions imposed when a finding is made typically involve separation from the institution and the federal sanction ranges from none to debarment. Drawing upon the teachings and circumstances of cases involving graduate student peers is a good vehicle for illustrating the concepts and perils of misconduct to graduate students. 相似文献
140.
The concept of a spectrum of posttraumatic disorders has been postulated by a variety of major contributors to the field of
psychotraumatology. Although Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one trauma-based mental health disorder, there are other
posttraumatic illnesses that do not qualify for PTSD, nor are they accurately described by other diagnostic categories in
the DSM-IV. The present paper proposes and delineates a new syndrome, entitled Posttraumatic Relationship Syndrome (PTRS),
which is a function of the experience of trauma in the context of an emotionally intimate relationship. It differs from PTSD
in four fundamental ways: (1) the nature of the Stressor criterion; (2) the response to the Stressor; (3) the inclusion of
a category of relational symptoms; and (4) the way of coping with the trauma (i.e., it lacks the emotional numbing and avoidance
of stimuli associated with the trauma). The latter is the most salient difference as it involves a qualitatively different
experience of the “world of trauma”-a primarily conscious experience in PTRS and an often unconscious experience in PTSD. 相似文献