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501.
Debra V. McQuade 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1984,13(2):167-176
The lexical decision list task, a paper-and-pencil version of the standard lexical decision task, is introduced and described. Data are reported demonstrating that subjects' responses to manipulations of phonological confusability, stimulus difficulty, and case presentation are analogous to those obtained with the use of the standard task. 相似文献
502.
The effects of multiple influence tactics in dyadic compliance-gaining situations are underexplored. In a laboratory experiment, we exposed subjects to a scenario-based influence attempt within which tactics that convey a rational exchange of benefits were juxtaposed with soft tactics that project friendliness and flattery. We found support for the prediction that soft tactics would heighten compliance more in the absence, rather than presence, of an offered exchange. Implications and limitations are discussed. 相似文献
503.
Debra J. Vandervoort 《Current Psychology》1992,11(3):226-235
The present study investigated the relationship between hostility, belief systems, coping styles, and illness. Hostility is
of interest when considering the stress-illness relationship because it has been associated with increased risk for coronary
heart disease as well as general mortality. The results suggest that individuals prone toward hostility are more likely to
succumb to illness and adhere to irrational beliefs than individuals not so oriented. In addition, hostile individuals were
found to employ different, and perhaps less adaptive, coping styles than their low hostility counterparts. It was concluded
that the belief systems and coping styles typically employed by individuals prone toward hostility may be important mediating
variables in the relationship between hostility and illness. These factors may also be important to take into account in treatment
programs designed to reduce illness risks for such individuals. Finally, this study suggests that stress-induced impairment
of health for hostility-prone individuals may begin much earlier than the vast majority of the literature currently suggests. 相似文献
504.
505.
506.
S. Darius Tandon L. Sean Azelton James G. Kelly Debra A. Strickland 《American journal of community psychology》1998,26(4):669-696
This paper presents collaborative research between a university-based team and a grass roots community organization on the south side of Chicago. The purpose of the work is to document the nature of community leadership as expressed by members of the host organization. Using a semistructured interview, 77 community members nominated by the host organization were asked about various aspects of their community work. Qualitative analyses of interview text generated a set of 56 codes concerning different aspects of community leadership as reported by grassroots leaders. These codes were subsequently grouped together into five conceptually linked dimensions of community leadership. A leadership tree that simultaneously analyzes and visually displays each of these five dimensions of community leadership was created. Implications of the methodology used to create the leadership tree are discussed for the salience of qualitative methods in community research. 相似文献
507.
Verbal conceptual processes and emotional experience (in general, as well as positive vs. negative) are phenomena that appear to have lateralized correlates. A general method is herein put forth by which researchers can investigate the lateralization of various constructive processes in the brain. The technique, called GRIDLAT, is a computerized repertory grid protocol that displays element and construct information to a single hemisphere (vis à vis visual field) at a time during grid elicitation. GRIDLAT is described in detail. Then some preliminary findings are described, and several dependent variables possible in studies employing methods such as GRIDLAT are discussed. 相似文献
508.
Louis P. Hagopian Debra A. Farrell Adrianna Amari 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1996,29(4):573-575
In this study, we report on a 12-year-old boy with autism, mental retardation, and a history of severe gastrointestinal problems who presented with total liquid and food refusal. Backward chaining was used to shape drinking from a cup, and a fading procedure was used to increase the quantity of water he was required to drink. 相似文献
509.
David C Zuroff D.S Moskowitz Mark S Wielgus Theodore A Powers Debra L Franko 《Journal of research in personality》1983,17(2):226-241
S. J. Blatt (Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 1974, 29, 107–157) distinguished between two types of depressive experiences, one characterized by strong dependency needs and the other by self-criticism and guilt. This paper reports a series of validation studies of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), which was developed to measure individuals' vulnerabilities to these types of experiences (S. J. Blatt, J. P. D'Afflitti, & D. M. Quinlan, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1976, 85, 383–389). The Dependency and Self-Criticism scales were shown to be stable in the face of both a 13-week interval and the receipt of midterm grades. Dependency was associated with conflict concerning the expression of hostility and, in males, feelings of helplessness. Self-Criticism was associated with low self-esteem and high levels of morality-conscience guilt. In a study of behavior in dyadic problem-solving tasks, Dependency in males was found to be negatively related to task leadership, and Self-Criticism in females tended to be negatively related to judged likeability. On the other hand, little support was found for the hypotheses that Dependency would be related to field dependent cognitive style and to the use of primitive defense mechanisms. The results were viewed as supporting the utility of Blatt's distinction between the two types of depression, but a number of anomalous findings indicated a need for further study of the DEQ. The question of the developmental level of the two types of depression, possible sex differences in the correlates of the scales, and the possibility of situational specificity in individuals' responses were identified as the areas most in need of study. 相似文献
510.
David A Schroeder Thomas D Jensen Andrew J Reed Debra K Sullivan Michael Schwab 《Journal of experimental social psychology》1983,19(6):522-539
Three studies were conducted to determine the effects of observing the behaviors of others upon an individual's actions in a simulated social trap situation. In Experiment 1, it was found that merely having the opportunity to make comparative appraisals of the actions of others led to greater competition for a finite common resource than when subjects were physically isolated from one another. In Experiment 2, false feedback was given to subjects to determine if the actions of others alone were responsible for the deleterious effects of having the opportunity for comparative appraisal; it was found that subjects quickly conformed to the behavior pattern of the interacting others, regardless of whether the false feedback indicated that the other subjects were consuming more or less than no-treatment control subjects. Experiment 3 was conducted to determine the motivation of subjects reacting to the actions of others; differential predictions based upon a competition/relative outcome explanation and upon an information search explanation were made. The data were consistent with the information search explanation. 相似文献