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521.
Debra M. Kamps Erin Dugan Jessica Potucek Angelia Collins 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1999,9(2):97-115
In this investigation peer networks were formed consisting of students with autism and fourth grade peers. They were trained to tutor first grade students in sight word recognition. The purpose of the study was to determine if the target students could be trained effectively as tutors, to determine outcomes for the first graders, and to determine effects on social integration of network students. Effects were measured for implementation of tutoring steps, increases in sight words learned on a weekly basis for the tutees, and social interactions among network students during free time activities. Using a reversal design, with a multiple baseline component, results demonstrated higher gains on weekly pre- and posttests for first graders than control students who received classroom instruction only, successful implementation of peer tutoring steps by the network participants, and increased duration of social interaction time for the target students with autism and network companions. These findings were replicated in the following year. The peer network system for students with autism, thus not only increased their time and social engagement with typical peers but also provided a productive, socially acceptable activity for increasing academic performance for first graders exhibiting delays. 相似文献
522.
Debra Vandervoort 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1999,18(2):205-221
The current study investigates the relationship between social support and mental and physical health. Results indicate that
poor functional support (or quality of support) is related to physical health problems while structural support (or social
network size) is not. Moreover, although both poor functional and structural support are related to depression and anxiety,
functional support is more strongly related to these outcome variables, the strongest relationship being associated with depression.
Depression and hostility are also related to social isolation, although the relationship is again stronger for depression.
The results suggest that the quality of social relationships is more important than quantity for optimal mental and physical
health. The clinical relevance of these findings is that the quality of social support in the lives of individuals is central
to recovery and should be addressed in medical and mental health treatment planning whenever it is an etiological or maintaining
factor.
The author dedicates this paper to her beloved father, Charles VanderVoort and her colleagues Dr. Uwe Stuecher and Dr. Gay
Barfield whom she describes as “natural altruists, the rarest and most loving type of people in the world.” 相似文献
523.
Research and theory on medical technologysuggests that, for many expectant mothers, medicalintervention in pregnancy and childbirth results infeelings of alienation from their bodies and a lack ofcontrol over the childbirth experience. Few studies,however, examine the influence of medical interventionon the expectant father's experience of this significantlife event. In this study, we compare expectant fathers' and mothers' experiences with medicaltechnology during pregnancy and childbirth. In-depthinterviews were conducted with 15 primarily White,middle-class, married couples prior to and after the birth of their first child. Our findings revealdifferences in the impact of medical technology onexpectant mothers' and fathers' perceptions ofinvolvement and control over pregnancy andchildbirth. 相似文献
524.
Quality of Social Support in Mental and Physical Health 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Debra Vandervoort 《Current Psychology》1999,18(2):205-222
The current study investigates the relationship between social support and mental and physical health. Results indicate that
poor functional support (or quality of support) is related to physical health problems while structural support (or social
network size) is not. Moreover, although both poor functional and structural support are related to depression and anxiety,
functional support is more strongly related to these outcome variables, the strongest relationship being associated with depression.
Depression and hostility are also related to social isolation, although the relationship is again stronger for depression.
The results suggest that the quality of social relationships is more important than quantity for optimal mental and physical
health. The clinical relevance of these findings is that the quality of social support in the lives of individuals is central
to recovery and should be addressed in medical and mental health treatment planning whenever it is an etiological or maintaining
factor.
The author dedicates this paper to her beloved father, Charles VanderVoort and her colleagues Dr. Uwe Stuecher and Dr. Gay
Barfield whom she describes as “natural altruists, the rarest and most loving type of people in the world.” 相似文献
525.
Alan R. Lang William E. Pelham Beverly M. Atkeson Debra A. Murphy 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1999,27(3):177-189
Experimental analogue methods were used to study how acute alcohol intoxication in parents influences their perceptions of and reactions to child behaviors, as well as their strategies for management of those behaviors. All participating parents had a grade school-aged son, but in half the cases this target child had a diagnosed externalizing disorder, whereas for the remaining half neither the target son nor any other offspring of the parents evidenced any psychopathology. Equal numbers of married fathers, married mothers, and single mothers from each of these groups received either alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverages prior to videotaped interactions with male child confederates who, depending on condition, enacted behaviors characteristic of either normal boys or boys with attention deficit hyperactivity/conduct/oppositional defiant disorders (ADHD/CD/ODD). Results indicated that intoxicated parents rated their ADHD/CD/ODD child partners as less deviant than did sober parents. Alcohol intoxication caused all participant groups to exhibit less attention and productive work and more commands, indulgences, and off-task talk in the interactions. Implications for better understanding of the role of psychosocial factors in the correlation between adult drinking problems and childhood behavior disorders are discussed. 相似文献
526.
Case studies of individuals who claimed to have recovered previously repressed memories of abuse during situations that involved memory cueing revealed that some individuals had discussed abuse with others during an earlier time period. Termed the ‘forgot‐it‐all‐along’ effect, this phenomenon has legal implications for statutes of limitations. Two experiments provide evidence for differences between free recall and more directed (recognition or cued recall) test conditions in the accuracy of memories for previous recall. Participants more often erred by claiming they had not previously remembered recognized (Experiment 1) or cued (Experiment 2) sentences than freely recalled sentences, and this difference was obtained even when the number of remembered sentences was equivalent across conditions (Experiment 2). These studies document that memory for previous recollection is less accurate for cued memories even when remembered events do not produce feelings of shock or surprise. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
527.
Two experiments investigated the relation between individual differences in working memory capacity and differences in the efficiency of syntactic processing. In one experiment, readers comprehended sentences containing main-verb/reduced-relative ambiguities that all resolved to the reduced-relative interpretation. High-span (but not low-span) readers processed sentences more slowly when the sentences were biased to the preferred, main-verb interpretation than when they were biased to the reduced-relative interpretation. Moreover, high-span (but not low-span) readers used information about the plausibility of the different interpretations even though low-span readers appeared to possess the requisite knowledge. In Experiment 2, readers received intensive exposure to sentences with main-verb/reduced-relative ambiguities. Exposure enhanced low-span readers' use of plausibility information. Moreover, the effect of exposure generalized to sentences that were not included in the training materials. 相似文献
528.
Klepousniotou E Titone D Romero C 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2008,34(6):1534-1543
Studies of polysemy are few in number and are contradictory. Some have found differences between polysemy and homonymy (L. Frazier & K. Rayner, 1990), and others have found similarities (D. K. Klein & G. Murphy, 2001). The authors investigated this issue using the methods of D. K. Klein and G. Murphy (2001), in whose study participants judged whether ambiguous words embedded in word pairs (e.g., tasty chicken) made sense as a function of a cooperating, conflicting, or neutral context. The ambiguous words were independently rated as having low, moderate, or highly overlapping senses to approximate a continuum from homonymy to metonymic polysemy. The effects of meaning dominance were examined. Words with highly overlapping meanings (e.g., metonymy) showed reduced effects of context and dominance compared with words with moderately or low overlapping meanings (e.g., metaphorical polysemy and homonymy). These results suggest that the comprehension of ambiguous words is mediated by the semantic overlap of alternative senses/meanings. 相似文献
529.
Debra Merskin 《Sex roles》2008,59(11-12):909-911
530.
Sarah A. Hayes Nathan A. Miller Debra A. Hope Richard G. Heimberg Harlan R. Juster 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2008,15(2):203-211
Frequent assessment during therapy can improve treatments and provide accountability. However, clinicians often do not monitor progress because of the time it takes to administer and score assessments. In response, the Social Anxiety Session Change Index (SASCI) was developed. The SASCI is a short, easily administered rating of subjective improvement that asks clients with social anxiety disorder how much they have changed since the beginning of therapy. Change on the SASCI was related to change in fear of negative evaluation, a core aspect of social anxiety, and to clinician-rated improvement, but not to ratings of anxiety sensitivity or depression. Because it is brief and easily interpretable, the SASCI can be used in a variety of clinical settings to monitor change across therapy. The SASCI is presented along with examples of how the information gathered from frequent administration can inform clinical practice. 相似文献