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901.
Melissa A. Alderfer Deborah J. Wiebe Donald P. Hartmann 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2002,9(2):121-130
Objective. Investigated illness severity (medical control, disease impact, obviousness) and social behavior style as predictors of the peer acceptance of children with diabetes. Method. Sixty-five children (10–12.5 years old) with diabetes and their parents, teachers, and physicians participated. Physician ratings and laboratory tests indicated medical control. Parents and children reported disease impact and teachers rated disease obviousness. Children and teachers rated social behavior. Teachers reported peer acceptance. Results. Consistent with hypotheses, favorable social behavior positively predicted acceptance and disease impact negatively predicted acceptance; medical control did not relate to acceptance. Disease obviousness and social behavior interacted to predict acceptance. Children with more obvious disease were not stigmatized by unfavorable social behavior. Conclusions. Aspects of disease severity and social behavior influence peer acceptance and may be appropriate predictors and targets for remediation of peer problems. 相似文献
902.
Catherine E. Myers Deborah Bryant John DeLuca Mark A. Gluck 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(2):85-102
In humans, anterograde amnesia can result from damage to the medical temporal (MT) lobes (including hippocampus), as well
as to other brain areas such as basal forebrain. Results from animal classical conditioning studies suggest that there may
be qualitative differences in the memory impairment following MT vs. basal forebrain damage. Specifically, delay eyeblink
conditioning is spared after MT damage in animals and humans, but impaired in animals with basal forebrain damage. Recently,
we have likewise shown delay eyeblink conditioning impairment in humans with amnesia following anterior communicating artery
(ACoA) aneurysm rupture, which damages the basal forebrain. Another associative learning task, a computer-based concurrent
visual discrimination, also appears to be spared in MT amnesia while ACoA amnesics are slower to learn the discriminations.
Conversely, animal and computational models suggest that, even though MT amnesics may learn quickly, they may learn qualitatively
differently from controls, and these differences may result in impaired transfer when familiar information is presented in
novel combinations. Our initial data suggests such a two-phase learning and transfer task may provide a double dissociation
between MT amnesics (spared initial learning but impaired transfer) and ACoA amnesics (slow initial learning but spared transfer).
Together, these merging data suggest that there are subtle but dissociable differences in the amnesic syndrome following damage
to the MT lobes vs. basal forebrain, and that these differences may be most visible in non-declarative tasks such as eyeblink
classical conditioning and simple associative learning. 相似文献
903.
Deborah A. Ellis Sylvie Naar-King Maureen Frey Thomas Templin Melisa Rowland Nancy Greger 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2004,11(4):315-324
The purpose of the current study was to conduct a pilot investigation to determine the effectiveness of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) for improving regimen adherence and metabolic control among adolescents with poorly controlled Type 1 diabetes. Thirty-one adolescents were randomly assigned to either MST or a control condition. MST treatment lasted approximately six months. Data were collected at study entry and at a six-month posttest. Twenty-five adolescents completed the study. Adolescents who received MST had significantly improved adherence to blood glucose testing and metabolic control from study entry to the six-month posttest, whereas controls did not. Adolescents receiving MST also had a decreased number of inpatient admissions at the six-month posttest. Improvements in metabolic control were related to improvements in parent report of adolescent adherence. Results suggest that MST holds promise as an intervention for improving adherence behavior and health outcomes among adolescents in poor metabolic control. 相似文献
904.
We tested Becker’s (1960) side-bet conceptualization of commitment within the context of Meyer and Allen’s (1991) three-component model of organizational commitment. Employees (N=202) from various organizations completed a survey including measures of (a) seven categories of side bets (b) affective, normative, and continuance commitment, and (c) turnover intention. The findings provided strong support for Becker’s theory. All seven side-bet categories correlated significantly with a revised measure of high-sacrifice continuance commitment, and structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the relations between the side bets and turnover intention were fully mediated by commitment. The findings also address issues pertaining to the dimensionality and measurement of continuance commitment, and help to explain relations among the three components of commitment. 相似文献
905.
Deborah Wesley 《Psychological Perspectives》2019,62(4):337-349
This broad discussion of dreams and dreaming begins with a consideration of “outer” as opposed to “inner” psychological space—rational outer life in the world contrasted with the inner life of dreams, fantasies, and creativity. Dream theories and many examples of actual present-day dreams follow, often showing the dream’s relationship to the dreamer’s outer life. 相似文献
906.
Deborah Wesley 《Psychological Perspectives》2019,62(4):358-366
This article deals with a psychological process in which, unannounced and unsought, there is a shift in the relationship between everyday ego consciousness and the unconscious. The result can be a kind of spiritual intoxication, in which there is a change of perspective and an inflated sense of being special. Along with this can come a loss of connection with everyday life, with feeling-toned reality, with the body. Concrete examples are given of this experience of spiritual inflation and of the process of coming down to earth again. 相似文献
907.
Deborah Wesley 《Psychological Perspectives》2019,62(4):397-405
The “masculine” side of the woman’s psyche is seen as carrying two kinds of energy: drive, aggressiveness, and self-assertion as well as objectivity, consciousness, and concern with meaning and spiritual values. The need for (and problems with) becoming aware of these basic energies are discussed, using many contemporary examples. 相似文献
908.
Rocco Pallin Bonnie Siry Deborah Azrael Christopher E. Knoepke Daniel D. Matlock Ashley Clement Megan L. Ranney Garen J. Wintemute Marian E. Betz 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2019,37(3):259-269
A recommended component of suicide prevention is encouraging at‐risk individuals to voluntarily and temporarily reduce access to firearms and other lethal methods. Yet delivering counseling on the topic can be difficult, given the political sensitivity of firearm discussions. To support such counseling, we sought to identify recommended framing and content of messages about reducing firearm access for suicide prevention. Through qualitative interviews with firearm owners and enthusiasts, we identified key points for use in framing (identity as a gun owner, trust, voluntary and temporary storage, and context and motivation) and specific content (preference for “firearm” over “gun,” and legal issues such as background checks for transfers). These findings build on prior work and should enhance efforts to develop and deliver effective, acceptable counseling and—ultimately—prevent firearm suicide. 相似文献
909.
George C. Thornton Deborah E. Rupp Alyssa M. Gibbons Adam J. Vanhove 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2019,27(1):54-71
This study investigated leniency and similar‐to‐me bias as mechanisms underlying demographic subgroup differences among assessees in assessors’ initial dimension ratings from three assessment center (AC) simulation exercises used as part of high‐stakes promotional testing. It examined whether even small individual‐level effects can accumulate (i.e., “trickle‐up”) to produce larger subgroup‐level differences. Individual‐level analyses were conducted using cross‐classified multilevel modeling and conducted separately for each exercise. Results demonstrated weak evidence of leniency toward White assessees and similar‐to‐me bias among non‐White assessee–assessor pairs. Similar leniency was found toward female assessees, but no statistically significant effects were found for assessee or assessor gender or assessee–assessor gender similarity. Using traditional d effect size estimates, weak individual level assessee effects translated into small but consistent subgroup differences favoring White and female assessees. Generally small but less consistent subgroup differences indicated that non‐White and male assessors gave higher ratings. Moreover, analyses of overall promotion decisions indicate the absence of adverse impact. Findings from this AC provide some support for the “trickle‐up” effect, but the effect on subgroup differences is trivial. The results counter recent reviews of AC studies suggesting larger than previously assumed subgroup differences. Consequently, the findings demonstrate the importance of following established best practices when developing and implementing the AC method for selection purposes to minimize subgroup differences. 相似文献
910.
This Forum explores what the Association of Theological Schools (ATS) has been learning about formation in online contexts through the Educational Models and Practices project. Deborah Gin's opening essay briefly enumerates operating assumptions, several widespread misconceptions, and emerging recommended practices. G. Brooke Lester proposes a definition of formation as transformation towards community, which is grounded in constructivist learning theory. He then reflects on the possibilities for this kind of community through online learning environments. Barbara Blodgett's contribution draws on “transactional distance theory” to analyze how a variety of pedagogical techniques (both online and face to face) can work to either exacerbate or minimize the distance between learners, which is an important contributor to formation and community. The Forum originated as panel presentations at the November 2017 Society of Biblical Literature and American Academy of Religion conferences. 相似文献