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991.
Natasha Merat John A. Groeger Deborah J. Withington 《International journal of psychology》1999,34(5-6):317-321
It is unclear from current accounts of working memory which, if any, of its components might be involved in our ability to specify the location of a sound source. A series of studies were performed to assess the degree of interference in localization of broadband noise, by a concurrent articulatory suppression (articulatory loop—Experiment 1), serial recall (phonological store and articulatory loop—Experiment 2), and Paced Visual Serial Addition Test (central executive—Experiment 3). No significant disruption of auditory localization was revealed by the first two experiments, ruling out a role for the phonological loop in auditory localization. In Experiment 3, a large degree of error was exhibited in localization, when performed concurrently with the addition task, indicating a requirement for central resources. This suggestion is confirmed by comparison of localization performance across all three studies, which demonstrates a clear deterioration in performance as the demand of concurrent tasks on central resources increases. Finally, concurrent localization was shown to disrupt the primacy portion of the serial position curve, as well as performance on the Paced Visual Serial Addition Test. 相似文献
992.
Judith A. Feeney Lucile Kelly Cynthia Gallois Candida Peterson Deborah J. Terry 《Journal of applied social psychology》1999,29(9):1964-1983
This research tested the proposition that the effect of attachment security on safer-sex practice may be mediated by communication patterns. One hundred eighty-five undergraduate students completed questionnaire measures of attachment, assertiveness, and attitudes to communication about AIDS. Eight weeks later, they reported on their practice of safer sex in the period since the first testing session. Hierarchical regressions showed that at Step I, anxiety about relationships (a measure of insecure attachment) was associated with less safer-sex practice, for all outcome measures. Attitudes to communication about AIDS added to the prediction of general reports of safer-sex practice: in line with the mediational model, anxiety about relationships became unimportant as a predictor when communication variables were included. Communication variables failed to add to the prediction of safer sex on the most recent encounter, and both anxiety about relationships and attitudes to communication about AIDS predicted condom use. Some gender differences in patterns of prediction were noted. The results are discussed in terms of attachment style and its links with the negotiation of sexual practice and relationship issues. 相似文献
993.
Kimberly K. Engelman Deborah E. Altus R. Mark Mathews 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1999,32(1):107-110
This study analyzed the effects of nursing assistants' use of prompts and praise to increase the engagement of older adults with dementia in daily living activities. The multiple baseline design across morning and afternoon work shifts showed consistent increases in engagement by each of the 5 residents during the intervention. These results suggest that increasing prompts and praise by nursing assistants may, in turn, increase the rate of engagement of older adults with dementia. 相似文献
994.
995.
Rollin McCraty M.A. Bob Barrios-Choplin Ph.D. Deborah Rozman Ph.D. Mike Atkinson Alan D. Watkins M.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1998,33(2):151-170
This study examined the effects on healthy adults of a new emotional self-management program, consisting of two key techniques,
“Cut-Thru” and the “Heart Lock-In.” These techniques are designed to eliminate negative thought loops and promote sustained
positive emotional states. The hypotheses were that training and practice in these techniques would yield lowered levels of
stress and negative emotion and cortisol, while resulting in increased positive emotion and DHEA levels over a one-month period.
In addition, we hypothesized that increased coherence in heart rate variability patterns would be observed during the practice
of the techniques.
Forty-five healthy adults participated in the study, fifteen of whom acted as a comparison group for the psychological measures.
Salivary DHEA/DHEAS and cortisol levels were measured, autonomic nervous system function was assessed by heart rate variability
analysis, and emotions were measured using a psychological questionnaire. Individuals in the experimental group were assessed
before and four weeks after receiving training in the self-management techniques.
The experimental group experienced significant increases in the positive affect scales of Caring and Vigor and significant
decreases in the negative affect scales of Guilt, Hostility, Burnout, Anxiety and Stress Effects, while no significant changes
were seen in the comparison group. There was a mean 23 percent reduction in cortisol and a 100 percent increase in DHEA/DHEAS
in the experimental group. DHEA was significantly and positively related to the affective state Warmheartedness, whereas cortisol
was significantly and positively related to Stress Effects. Increased coherence in heart rate variability patterns was measured
in 80 percent of the experimental group during the use of the techniques.
The results suggest that techniques designed to eliminate negative thought loops can have important positive effects on stress,
emotions and key physiological systems. The implications are that relatively inexpensive interventions may dramatically and
positively impact individuals’ health and well-being. Thus, individuals may have greater control over their minds, bodies
and health than previously suspected. 相似文献
996.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder as a Consequence of a Toxic Spill in Northern California 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deborah Freed Rosemarie Bowler India Fleming 《Journal of applied social psychology》1998,28(3):264-281
This study examined the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated features in residents of Dunsmuir, California, following a toxic spill. Classification of PTSD was based on a cutoff score from the Impact of Event Scale. It was predicted that greater exposure to the spill would increase the risk of PTSD and associated symptoms among spill residents; that those classified with PTSD would report more symptoms than would those without PTSD and controls; and that litigants would be classified with PTSD more than would nonlitigants. Results suggest that spill residents classified with PTSD had greater levels of tension, depression, anxiety, anger, fatigue, and confusion than did spill residents without PTSD and control residents with and without PTSD. Spill residents with PTSD reported more memory problems and sleep disorders than did those without PTSD and control residents with and without PTSD. Measures of physiological arousal showed that spill residents had higher systolic blood pressure several hours after a stressful interview than did control residents without PTSD. Pulse rates several hours after a stressful interview were higher for spill residents with and without PTSD than for control residents with PTSD. Results suggest that exposed residents are at risk for developing PTSD and associated symptoms. 相似文献
997.
Deborah Gorman-Smith Patrick H. Tolan Rolf Loeber David B. Henry 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1998,26(5):319-333
The relation of patterns of family problems and patterns of delinquent behavior over time was evaluated among a sample of inner-city minority adolescent males. Empirically derived groups were identified and included: nonoffenders, chronic minor offenders, escalators, and serious chronic offenders. Patterns of family problems were also identified and differentially related to delinquency groups. Members of the group involved in serious chronic offending were more likely to have families characterized by multiple problems including disruption, conflict, and lack of parental involvement, sometimes so extreme as to meet the legal requirement of neglect. They were also more likely to have families characterized by deviant behavior and attitudes. The finding of specific relations between types of family problems and patterns of delinquent behavior has important implications for intervention and prevention. Rather than assuming a general relation between family functioning and delinquent involvement, specific aspects of family functioning may need to be targeted to affect different patterns of delinquent involvement. 相似文献
998.
Deborah Gough 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》1987,5(3):162-182
This review was conducted to explore the feasibility of Rational-Emotive therapy as an approach to addressing the problems of providing mental health services to persons who have a severe hearing impairment. Informational resources dealing with the topics of Rational-Emotive Therapy and counseling with persons who are hearing impaired were reviewed. References indicated that RET is reasonably well suited to the task of counseling with clients who are hearing impaired, provided that appropriate modifications are incorporated. Specific modifications of RET are recommended and discussed. 相似文献
999.
Deborah Kendzierski 《Journal of personality》1987,55(1):55-74
ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of positive and negative behavioral feedback on subsequent behavior The results indicate that positive and negative feedback concerning how well individuals have acted on their attitudinal in the past have different effects on subsequent behavior These effects are moderated by individual differences in self-monitoring and in the frequency with which an individual has acted on his or her attitude in the past–variables which can be seen as reflecting differences in the extent to which individuals see themselves as persons who act on their attitudes, either in general or in regard to a specific attitudes domain Implications of the findings for understanding the literature on labeling and on feedback about energy use are discussed, as are the practical implications for using behavioral feedback in an effort to increase attitude-related action 相似文献
1000.
Deborah G. Kemler Nelso 《Memory & cognition》1988,16(1):79-89
A reply is presented to Ward and Scott’s (1987) recent reservations about the evidence for Kemler Nelson’s (1984) claims about when category learning is likely to be holistic. Focusing on the effect of intention, this paper suggests that: (1) contrary to Ward and Scott’s contention, a reanalysis of a critical set of original data continues to support Kemler Nelson’s claim of more holistic learning under unintentional conditions; (2) there is converging evidence for that claim; (3) Ward and Scott’s incidental learning data may diverge because of the inclusion of many weak learners; (4) Ward and Scott’s counterproposal makes some implausible and unsupported predictions; and (5) some of Ward and Scott’s reaction-time data are difficult to interpret. Still, a final discussion identifies some significant points of agreement with Ward and Scott. 相似文献