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151.
Huinck WJ Langevin M Kully D Graamans K Peters HF Hulstijn W 《Journal of Fluency Disorders》2006,31(1):43-63; quiz 58-60
A procedure for subtyping individuals who stutter and its relationship to treatment outcome is explored. Twenty-five adult participants of the Comprehensive Stuttering Program (CSP) were classified according to: (1) stuttering severity and (2) severity of negative emotions and cognitions associated with their speech problem. Speech characteristics (percentage of stuttered syllables, distorted speech score, and the number of correctly produced syllables on a diadochokinesis task) and emotional/cognitive states (emotional reaction, speech satisfaction, and attitudes toward speaking) were assessed before and after treatment, and at a 1- and 2-year follow-up. The results showed that: (a) there was no relationship between stuttering severity and the severity of negative emotions and cognitions, (b) the severe stuttering group had the largest treatment gains but also the highest level of regression, and (c) at post-treatment and both follow-up assessments the differences on measures of emotions between the mild and severe emotional group had disappeared, chiefly due to a large decrease in the latter group's negative emotions and cognitions. Our findings show that, based on treatment gains, specific subgroups can be identified, each requiring different treatment approaches. This underlines the necessity of developing a better understanding of how various dimensions of stuttering relate to treatment outcome. Educational objectives: The reader will be able to: (1) describe why stuttering severity and negative emotions and cognitions that are related to stuttering should be investigated separately and (2) describe how treatment outcome relates to subtypes of persons who stutter. 相似文献
152.
Deborah Seltzer-Kelly Sean J. Westwood David M. Peña-Guzman 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2010,29(5):441-457
Curiously, while the efficacy of the arts for the development of multicultural understandings has long been theorized, empirical
studies of this effect have been lacking. This essay recounts our combined empirical and philosophical study of this issue.
We explicate the philosophical considerations that shaped the development of the arts course we studied, which was grounded
in rather traditional humanist educational thought, informed by Deweyan considerations for pedagogy and multiculturalism.
We also provide an overview of the course and of the study design: the ways in which the course worked to teach aesthetic
theory through a combination of popular and canonical works, and the ways in which it sought to instill a sense of cross-cultural
appreciation and solidarity among students through the inclusion of art from different cultures and generations. We then share
our research findings and our return to the realm of philosophy to interpret them. Our postcolonial analysis incorporates
emerging discussions of the arts as a tool for resistance and dialogue within the system of public education, and revisit
and reconsider the very concept of education for pluralistic democracy. This approach problematizes traditional conceptions
of pluralism, in which an attempt is made to dissolve difference in a common understanding, and instead advocates that works
from among the contemporary popular arts and works drawn from the artistic “canon” alike must be considered and employed for
their instrumental value to the educational process—especially for their ability to prompt an intersubjectivity that is accompanied
by a heightened awareness of difference. 相似文献
153.
154.
Deborah J. Tharinger Stephen E. Finn Prerna Arora Laura Judd-Glossy Shasta M. Ihorn Judith T. Wan 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(2):111-123
All the steps in the model of therapeutic assessment used with children (TA–C) are designed to involve and impact the child's parents. However, a distinctive process that parallels and accompanies the testing sessions with the child might be the most significant in helping parents shift their story of their child and family. In this process, parents are invited to observe their child's testing sessions (in an adjacent room through a live video feed, through a 1-way mirror, or in the corner of the testing room) and process the experience with the assessor (either simultaneously in the case of the 2-assessor model or after the fact in the 1-assessor model). We discuss the development and evolution of what we have come to call the “behind the mirror” method. We describe the therapeutic intent of the method and delineate 13 techniques utilized to enlist parents as active collaborators. We illustrate each technique using the case study of a 10-year-old boy where the 2-assessor model and live video feed method were used. We also provide research findings from the case study that address the parents’ experience of the assessment and their changed view of their child. 相似文献
155.
Janet L. Kottke Deborah A. Olson Kenneth S. Shultz 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(6):610-612
Nine studies examined the construct validity of the Need to Belong Scale. The desire for acceptance and belonging correlated with, but was distinct from, variables that involve a desire for social contact, such as extraversion and affiliation motivation. Furthermore, need to belong scores were not related to insecure attachment or unfulfilled needs for acceptance. Need to belong was positively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism and with having an identity that is defined in terms of social attributes. Need to belong was associated with emotional reactions to rejection, values involving interpersonal relationships, and subclinical manifestations of certain personality disorders. 相似文献
156.
The sex-linked anxiety coping theory states that females’ anxiety levels may be less detrimental to their selection test performance because they have more available coping resources and engage in more constructive coping strategies prior to and during selection tests. This research project sought to investigate whether gender moderates the link between interview anxiety and interview performance. Co-op students (N = 125) participated in a mock interview as part of a course requirement. The results indicated that gender moderated the relation between self-rated interview anxiety and interview performance. Males were no more anxious than were females, but experienced significantly greater impairments to performance in the job interview as a result of interview anxiety. Of interest, interviewer-rated interview anxiety did not interact with gender to predict interview performance, which supports preliminary research evidence that perceptions and the experience of interview anxiety are not necessarily congruent. 相似文献
157.
Ottmar V. Lipp Belinda M. Craig Mareka J. Frost Deborah J. Terry Joanne R. Smith 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(6):1100-1109
Facial cues of threat such as anger and other race membership are detected preferentially in visual search tasks. However, it remains unclear whether these facial cues interact in visual search. If both cues equally facilitate search, a symmetrical interaction would be predicted; anger cues should facilitate detection of other race faces and cues of other race membership should facilitate detection of anger. Past research investigating this race by emotional expression interaction in categorisation tasks revealed an asymmetrical interaction. This suggests that cues of other race membership may facilitate the detection of angry faces but not vice versa. Utilising the same stimuli and procedures across two search tasks, participants were asked to search for targets defined by either race or emotional expression. Contrary to the results revealed in the categorisation paradigm, cues of anger facilitated detection of other race faces whereas differences in race did not differentially influence detection of emotion targets. 相似文献
158.
In this article, we describe a systematic review of mean race and sex differences in situational judgment test (SJT) performance. On average, White test takers perform better on SJTs than Black, Hispanic, and Asian test takers. Female examinees perform slightly better than male test takers on SJTs. We investigate two moderators of these differences: loading of g or personality on the SJT, and response instructions. Mean race differences between Black, Hispanic, Asian and White examinees in SJT performance are largely explained by the cognitive loading of the SJT such that the larger the cognitive load, the larger the mean race differences. Regarding the effect of personality loadings of SJTs on race differences, Black–White and Asian–White differences are smaller to the extent that the SJT is correlated with emotional stability and Hispanic–White differences are smaller to the extent that SJTs are correlated with conscientiousness and agreeableness. Cognitive loading has minimal effect on male–female SJT score differences; however, SJT score differences are larger, favoring women, when SJTs are correlated with conscientiousness and agreeableness. Concerning response instructions, knowledge response instructions showed greater race differences than behavioral tendency instructions. The mean correlations show that these differences are largely because of the greater g loading of knowledge instructions. A second study showed that when used in hiring, SJTs are likely to have adverse impact by race but not by sex. 相似文献
159.
We developed a training protocol to enhance interviewers' knowledge of personality-related cues and, in so doing, improve the accuracy of their personality judgments. Participants (N = 164) watched 3 videotaped mock employment interviews and judged the personality of those interviewees. The trained group was more accurate than the control group for some, but not all, of the rated traits. It was predicted that training would increase participants' dispositional intelligence (knowledge of personality) scores. This hypothesis was not supported, suggesting that trait cue knowledge and dispositional intelligence may function independently in the improvement of rating accuracy. These findings contribute to further articulation of the process underlying accurate personality inferences. 相似文献
160.
Deborah A. Potter 《Deviant behavior》2013,34(2):152-172
This article compares diverse symbolic frames for the childhood psychiatric diagnosis “Conduct Disorder” (CD) found in the popular media with the dominant medicalized frame in the professional literature. Although vestiges of earlier frameworks remain, almost all professional accounts frame the disorder as a way of “acting out” the sick role. In contrast, the popular media use various culturally consistent frames, including delinquently “acting up.” However, unlike other instances in which the public and professionals lack a common understanding about a health condition, there has been no overt contestation about the definition of CD. Social, policy, and theoretical implications are explored. 相似文献