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891.
The Sex Role Behavior Scale (SRBS; Orlofsky & O'Heron, 1987; Orlofsky, Ramsden, & Cohen, 1982) is the only measure of the extent to which people engage in male- and female-valued behaviors, as well as sex-specific behaviors. Because of this, researchers must be assured of its reliability and validity. Although the SRBS has demonstrated good reliability, validity tests have been limited to examinations of scale intercorrelations, correlations with other gender role measures, and tests of gender differences. Tests of the SRBS's construct validity have not been performed. Thus, a scale-based confirmatory factor analysis of the short form SRBS was undertaken to determine the validity of its proposed 12-factor, lower-order and 3-factor, higher-order factor structures. In this sample of undergraduates, both lower-order and higher-order models failed to provide a good fit to the data, which suggests that a new version of the SRBS may be required. Discussion focussed on possible directions for a revision, potential limitations, as well as the need for more measures like the SRBS. 相似文献
892.
Catherine E Myer Deborah Bryant John DeLuca Mark A Gluck 《Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science》2002,37(2):85-102
In humans, anterograde amnesia can result from damage to the medial temporal (MT) lobes (including hippocampus), as well as to other brain areas such as basal forebrain. Results from animal classical conditioning studies suggest that there may be qualitative differences in the memory impairment following MT vs. basal forebrain damage. Specifically, delay eyeblink conditioning is spared after MT damage in animals and humans, but impaired in animals with basal forebrain damage. Recently, we have likewise shown delay eyeblink conditioning impairment in humans with amnesia following anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm rupture, which damages the basal forebrain. Another associative learning task, a computer-based concurrent visual discrimination, also appears to be spared in MT amnesia while ACoA amnesics are slower to learn the discriminations. Conversely, animal and computational models suggest that, even though MT amnesics may learn quickly, they may learn qualitatively differently from controls, and these differences may result in impaired transfer when familiar information is presented in novel combinations. Our initial data suggests such a two-phase learning and transfer task may provide a double dissociation between MT amnesics (spared initial learning but impaired transfer) and ACoA amnesics (slow initial learning but spared transfer). Together, these emerging data suggest that there are subtle but dissociable differences in the amnesic syndrome following damage to the MT lobes vs. basal forebrain, and that these differences may be most visible in non-declarative tasks such as eyeblink classical conditioning and simple associative learning. 相似文献
893.
Melissa A. Alderfer Deborah J. Wiebe Donald P. Hartmann 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2002,9(2):121-130
Objective. Investigated illness severity (medical control, disease impact, obviousness) and social behavior style as predictors of the peer acceptance of children with diabetes. Method. Sixty-five children (10–12.5 years old) with diabetes and their parents, teachers, and physicians participated. Physician ratings and laboratory tests indicated medical control. Parents and children reported disease impact and teachers rated disease obviousness. Children and teachers rated social behavior. Teachers reported peer acceptance. Results. Consistent with hypotheses, favorable social behavior positively predicted acceptance and disease impact negatively predicted acceptance; medical control did not relate to acceptance. Disease obviousness and social behavior interacted to predict acceptance. Children with more obvious disease were not stigmatized by unfavorable social behavior. Conclusions. Aspects of disease severity and social behavior influence peer acceptance and may be appropriate predictors and targets for remediation of peer problems. 相似文献
894.
Catherine E. Myers Deborah Bryant John DeLuca Mark A. Gluck 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(2):85-102
In humans, anterograde amnesia can result from damage to the medical temporal (MT) lobes (including hippocampus), as well
as to other brain areas such as basal forebrain. Results from animal classical conditioning studies suggest that there may
be qualitative differences in the memory impairment following MT vs. basal forebrain damage. Specifically, delay eyeblink
conditioning is spared after MT damage in animals and humans, but impaired in animals with basal forebrain damage. Recently,
we have likewise shown delay eyeblink conditioning impairment in humans with amnesia following anterior communicating artery
(ACoA) aneurysm rupture, which damages the basal forebrain. Another associative learning task, a computer-based concurrent
visual discrimination, also appears to be spared in MT amnesia while ACoA amnesics are slower to learn the discriminations.
Conversely, animal and computational models suggest that, even though MT amnesics may learn quickly, they may learn qualitatively
differently from controls, and these differences may result in impaired transfer when familiar information is presented in
novel combinations. Our initial data suggests such a two-phase learning and transfer task may provide a double dissociation
between MT amnesics (spared initial learning but impaired transfer) and ACoA amnesics (slow initial learning but spared transfer).
Together, these merging data suggest that there are subtle but dissociable differences in the amnesic syndrome following damage
to the MT lobes vs. basal forebrain, and that these differences may be most visible in non-declarative tasks such as eyeblink
classical conditioning and simple associative learning. 相似文献
895.
Deborah A. Ellis Sylvie Naar-King Maureen Frey Thomas Templin Melisa Rowland Nancy Greger 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2004,11(4):315-324
The purpose of the current study was to conduct a pilot investigation to determine the effectiveness of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) for improving regimen adherence and metabolic control among adolescents with poorly controlled Type 1 diabetes. Thirty-one adolescents were randomly assigned to either MST or a control condition. MST treatment lasted approximately six months. Data were collected at study entry and at a six-month posttest. Twenty-five adolescents completed the study. Adolescents who received MST had significantly improved adherence to blood glucose testing and metabolic control from study entry to the six-month posttest, whereas controls did not. Adolescents receiving MST also had a decreased number of inpatient admissions at the six-month posttest. Improvements in metabolic control were related to improvements in parent report of adolescent adherence. Results suggest that MST holds promise as an intervention for improving adherence behavior and health outcomes among adolescents in poor metabolic control. 相似文献
896.
We tested Becker’s (1960) side-bet conceptualization of commitment within the context of Meyer and Allen’s (1991) three-component model of organizational commitment. Employees (N=202) from various organizations completed a survey including measures of (a) seven categories of side bets (b) affective, normative, and continuance commitment, and (c) turnover intention. The findings provided strong support for Becker’s theory. All seven side-bet categories correlated significantly with a revised measure of high-sacrifice continuance commitment, and structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the relations between the side bets and turnover intention were fully mediated by commitment. The findings also address issues pertaining to the dimensionality and measurement of continuance commitment, and help to explain relations among the three components of commitment. 相似文献
897.
Deborah Wesley 《Psychological Perspectives》2019,62(4):337-349
This broad discussion of dreams and dreaming begins with a consideration of “outer” as opposed to “inner” psychological space—rational outer life in the world contrasted with the inner life of dreams, fantasies, and creativity. Dream theories and many examples of actual present-day dreams follow, often showing the dream’s relationship to the dreamer’s outer life. 相似文献
898.
Deborah Wesley 《Psychological Perspectives》2019,62(4):358-366
This article deals with a psychological process in which, unannounced and unsought, there is a shift in the relationship between everyday ego consciousness and the unconscious. The result can be a kind of spiritual intoxication, in which there is a change of perspective and an inflated sense of being special. Along with this can come a loss of connection with everyday life, with feeling-toned reality, with the body. Concrete examples are given of this experience of spiritual inflation and of the process of coming down to earth again. 相似文献
899.
Deborah Wesley 《Psychological Perspectives》2019,62(4):397-405
The “masculine” side of the woman’s psyche is seen as carrying two kinds of energy: drive, aggressiveness, and self-assertion as well as objectivity, consciousness, and concern with meaning and spiritual values. The need for (and problems with) becoming aware of these basic energies are discussed, using many contemporary examples. 相似文献
900.
Rocco Pallin Bonnie Siry Deborah Azrael Christopher E. Knoepke Daniel D. Matlock Ashley Clement Megan L. Ranney Garen J. Wintemute Marian E. Betz 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2019,37(3):259-269
A recommended component of suicide prevention is encouraging at‐risk individuals to voluntarily and temporarily reduce access to firearms and other lethal methods. Yet delivering counseling on the topic can be difficult, given the political sensitivity of firearm discussions. To support such counseling, we sought to identify recommended framing and content of messages about reducing firearm access for suicide prevention. Through qualitative interviews with firearm owners and enthusiasts, we identified key points for use in framing (identity as a gun owner, trust, voluntary and temporary storage, and context and motivation) and specific content (preference for “firearm” over “gun,” and legal issues such as background checks for transfers). These findings build on prior work and should enhance efforts to develop and deliver effective, acceptable counseling and—ultimately—prevent firearm suicide. 相似文献