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81.
Kristin L. Scott Siyuan Li William L. Gardner Claudia Cogliser Debbie Laverie 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(6):752-763
ABSTRACTWe examine the relationships between employee friendship and advice network centrality and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Using social exchange theory as a basis, we argue that centrality within the workplace friendship network will be positively and linearly related to employee OCB. Further, we draw on conservation of resources theory and role theory to predict a curvilinear (inverse U) relationship between employees’ advice network centrality and OCB such that employees will engage in higher levels of OCB at moderate levels of advice centrality than at low and high levels. We test the theoretical model in an academic setting (using other reports of network ties and employee ratings of OCB) and a US-based organization (using other reports of network ties and supervisor ratings of OCB). The results support the idea of a curvilinear relationship between advice network centrality and OCB in both studies and a linear relationship between friendship centrality and OCB in Study 2. Practical implications and directions for future research are addressed. 相似文献
82.
Three experiments were conducted in which subjects responded to left-right tones with clockwise-counterclockwise rotations
of a steering wheel using one of two stimulus-response assignments. When the hands were at the bottom of the wheel, where
hand movement is opposite to wheel movement, subjects coded responses according to the frame that yielded a compatible mapping
when the instructions did not emphasize either hand or wheel movements (Experiment 1). When instructions emphasized hand movements,
responses were coded relative to the hand-referenced frame (Experiment 2), and when the wheel controlled a visual cursor,
responses were coded relative to a cursor-referenced frame (Experiment 3). Coding with respect to these frames occurred even
when the resulting mapping was incompatible. 相似文献
83.
84.
Kenneth L. Lichstein James F. Sallis Debbie Hill Mark C. Young 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1981,3(2):111-121
Heart rate (EKG), digital skin resistance level (SRL), and frontalis electromyography (EMG) of 20 undergraduate volunteers were monitored in three 30-min sessions to chart the course and magnitude of adaptation. As a group, 7, 13, and 13 min of adaptation were required for SRL, EMG, and EKG, respectively. High arousal levels in any of these measures at the session's outset resulted in longer adaptation times compared to low initial arousal. EMG showed the strongest variance across sessions. Females required longer adaptation periods than males in SRL and EKG. Self-reported trait anxiety levels bore little relationship to adaptation course. Methods were outlined for setting individualized adaptation periods by either the min 1 EMG level or regression equations for the initial values of each of the measures. Overall, psychophysiological adaptation proved to be an influential variable requiring experimental management to avoid confoundment with treatment effects.Portions of this research were presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., March 1980. We gratefully acknowledge statistical consultation given by Virginia Weymouth, Memphis State University Department of Computer Services, and Dr. Michael Lupfer. 相似文献
85.
The purpose of this study was to examine how men account for the diagnosis in men of anorexia nervosa (AN), a condition commonly
associated with women. Male students participated in focus group discussions of topics related to AN. Discussions were tape-recorded
with participants' consent, transcribed, and then analyzed using discourse analysis. The participants spontaneously constructed
AN as a female-specific condition. When asked to account for AN in men, they distanced AN from hegemonic masculinities in
ways that sustained both dominant masculine identities and gender-specific constructions of AN. These findings show how issues
of health and gender are interlinked in everyday understandings of AN. Future researchers might usefully consider how the
construction of gender-specific illness implicates wider notions of both feminine and masculine gender identities. 相似文献
86.
87.
Albert Ellis Debbie Joffe 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2002,20(2):151-158
This is a study of the responses of 100 selected subjects who gave their reactions to experiencing a live session of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with Albert Ellis in front of a public audience. Ninety-seven of the respondents found their session helpful; only 13 felt uncomfortable discussing their problems in public; 99 of them felt that Dr. Ellis focused on their main problem; 94 of them reported that they somewhat or very much used Dr. Ellis's suggestions; 90 of them felt that the members of the audience suggestions were helpful; and 93 of them said that they would like to work with Dr. Ellis again at a public therapy session. Limitations of this study are discussed. 相似文献
88.
Abstract-concept learning in Black-billed magpies (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pica hudsonia</Emphasis>)
John F. Magnotti Anthony A. Wright Kevin Leonard Jeffrey S. Katz Debbie M. Kelly 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2017,24(2):431-435
Abstract relational concepts depend upon relationships between stimuli (e.g., same vs. different) and transcend features of the training stimuli. Recent evidence shows that learning abstract concepts is shared across a variety species including birds. Our recent work with a highly-skilled food-storing bird, Clark’s nutcracker, revealed superior same/different abstract-concept learning compared to rhesus monkeys, capuchin monkeys, and pigeons. Here we test a more social, but less reliant on food-storing, corvid species, the Black-billed magpie (Pica hudsonia). We used the same procedures and training exemplars (eight pairs of the same rule, and 56 pairs of the different rule) as were used to test the other species. Magpies (n = 10) showed a level of abstract-concept learning that was equivalent to nutcrackers and greater than the primates and pigeons tested with these same exemplars. These findings suggest that superior initial abstract-concept learning abilities may be shared across corvids generally, rather than confined to those strongly reliant on spatial memory. 相似文献
89.
We hypothesize that older adults who anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to social rejection because of their old age (i.e., have high age-based rejection sensitivity) are vulnerable to depression and poor social functioning. We further hypothesize that the association between age-based rejection sensitivity and poor psychological health would be attenuated among older adults who possess adequate cognitive coping ability—they can discern and respond discriminatively to subtle variations in situational demands (i.e., have high discriminative facility). Based on the results of a focus group study, we constructed an age-based rejection sensitivity measure, which predicts greater depression, poorer social functioning, greater loneliness, and lower life satisfaction among individuals in late adulthood. As hypothesized, the relationship between age-based rejection sensitivity and poor psychological health was weaker among older adults with high (vs. low) discriminative facility. 相似文献
90.
Russell JJ Moskowitz DS Zuroff DC Sookman D Paris J 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2007,116(3):578-588
This study examined both mean levels and intraindividual variability in the mood and interpersonal behavior of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and nonclinical control participants over a 20-day event-contingent recording period. Individuals in the BPD group experienced more unpleasantly valenced affect and were less dominant, more submissive, more quarrelsome, and more extreme in overall levels of behavior than control participants. In addition to these mean-level differences, individuals with BPD also reported more intraindividual variability in overall affect valence and in pleasantly valenced affect; displayed greater variability in dominant, quarrelsome, and agreeable behaviors; and exhibited an increased tendency to "spin" among interpersonal behaviors relative to nonclinical control participants. The findings document behavioral and affective manifestations of BPD in the context of naturally occurring interpersonal situations. 相似文献