Jackson Tolins  Jean E. Fox Tree 《Cognitive Science》2016,40(6):1412-1434

Observing others in conversation is a common format for comprehending language, yet little work has been done to understand dialog comprehension. We tested whether overhearers use addressee backchannels as predictive cues for how to integrate information across speaker turns during comprehension of spontaneously produced collaborative narration. In Experiment 1, words that followed specific backchannels (e.g., really, oh) were recognized more slowly than words that followed either generic backchannels (e.g., uh huh, mhm) or pauses. In Experiment 2, we found that when the turn after the backchannel was a continuation of the narrative, specific backchannels prompted the fastest verification of prior information. When the turn after was an elaboration, they prompted the slowest, indicating that overhearers took specific backchannels as cues to integrate preceding talk with subsequent talk. These findings demonstrate that overhearers capitalize on the predictive relationship between backchannels and the development of speakers’ talk, coordinating information across conversational roles.  相似文献   

    

Ellen Fox 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2016,16(3):33-35

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Just Deserts or Icing on the Cake? Addressing the Social Determinants of Health     

Mark D. Fox  Michael R. Gomez  Ricky T. Munoz 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2015,15(3):42-44

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What's in a Name? Conceptual Confusion About Death and Consent in Donation After Cardiac Determination of Death     

Mark D. Fox  Rachel Budavich  Scott Gelfand  Michael R. Gomez  Ric T. Munoz  Jan Slater 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2015,15(8):12-14

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Ricky Munoz  Mark Fox  Michael Gomez  Scott Gelfand 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2015,15(10):43-45

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Debbie Van Camp  Lloyd Ren Sloan  Amanda ElBassiouny 《The Journal of social psychology》2014,154(1):4-7

Research with White participants has demonstrated religious intergroup bias; however, religious identity may be different for Black Americans. Only religiously conscious Black Christians demonstrated a preference for Christian targets over Muslim and Atheist targets. Future research should consider what factors result in a person becoming conscious of other's religion.  相似文献   

    

Fox P  Wingrove T  Pfeifer C 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2011,29(3):358-375

This study was designed to assess jury decision-making for 289 participants reading a medical malpractice vignette as a function of participant type (undergraduate students or jury panelists), punitive damage award apportionment (none, half, or all to the plaintiff), and compensation previously assigned to the plaintiff (low, medium, or high). We found several sample differences. Overall, jury panelists awarded more money for punitive damages. Jury panelists were also more affected by compensatory-relevant information when making punitive decisions, including assigning punitive damages and rating the fairness of the traditional apportionment scheme, where the plaintiff receives all of the money. Compared with students, more jury panelists were in favor of the plaintiff receiving the entire punitive award. Most students endorsed split recovery. The authors suggest that psycholegal research conducted solely with student samples, rather than community members, may misestimate the likely behavior of actual juries. The implications of the study for split recovery policy are also discussed.  相似文献   

    

Adam E. Fox  Elizabeth G. E. Kyonka 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2016,106(3):210-224

Behavior and events distributed in time can serve as markers that signal delays to future events. The majority of timing research has focused on how behavior changes as the time to some event, usually food availability, decreases. The primary objective of the two experiments presented here was to assess how behavior changes as time passes between two time markers when the first time marker was manipulated but the second, food delivery, was held constant. Pigeons were exposed to fixed‐interval, response‐initiated fixed‐interval, and signaled response‐initiated fixed‐interval 15‐ and 30‐s schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, first‐response latencies were systematically shorter in the signaled response‐initiated schedules than response‐initiated schedules, suggesting that the first response was a more effective time marker when it was signaled. In Experiment 2, responding in no‐food (i.e. “peak”) trials indicated that timing accuracy was equivalent in the three schedule types. Compared to fixed interval schedules, timing precision was reduced in the signaled response‐initiated schedules and was lowest in response‐initiated schedules. Results from Experiments 1 and 2 coupled with previous research suggest that the overall “informativeness” of a time marker relative to other events and behaviors in the environment may determine its efficacy.  相似文献   

    

Hope Bell  Lamerial Jacobson  Melissa Zeligman  Jesse Fox  Gulnora Hundley 《Counseling and values》2015,60(2):151-163

Survivors with dissociative identity disorder (DID) often report a history of traumatic events in their lives. Past studies indicated a link between trauma, resilience, and spiritual coping in both positive and negative aspects of a survivor's life. This article includes a review of existing literature salient to these constructs in relation to i ndividuals with DID, as well as results from a study examining the relationships between these constructs and individuals with DID (N = 52). Implications are discussed based on the findings for counselors treating individuals with DID.  相似文献   

    

Allan Herrmann  Robert Fox  Anna Boyd 《New Directions for Adult & Continuing Education》2000,2000(88):39-48

Although unintended effects cannot be anticipated, practitioners can use various frameworks to recognize and manage them.  相似文献