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581.
In this paper we describe and explore a management tool called the Caux Round Table Self-Assessment and Improvement Process
(SAIP). Based upon the Caux Round Table Principles for Business — a stakeholder-based, transcultural statement of business
values — the SAIP assists executives with the task of shaping their firm’s conscience through an organizational self-appraisal
process. This process is modeled after the self-assessment methodology pioneered by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality
Award Program.
After briefly describing the SAIP, we address three topics. First, we examine similarities and differences between the Baldrige
approach to corporate self-assessment and the self-assessment process utilized within the SAIP. Second, we report initial
findings from two beta tests of the tool. These illustrate both the SAIP’s ability to help organizations strengthen their
commitment to ethically responsible conduct, and some of the tool’s limitations. Third, we briefly analyze various dimensions
of the business scandals of 2001–2002 (Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, etc.) in light of the ethical requirements articulated with
the SAIP. This analysis suggests that the SAIP can help link the current concerns of stakeholders — for example, investors
and the general public — to organizational practice, by providing companies with a practical way to incorporate critical lessons
from these unfortunate events.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献
582.
Ruggiero KJ Resnick HS Acierno R Coffey SF Carpenter MJ Ruscio AM Stephens RS Kilpatrick DG Stasiewicz PR Roffman RA Bucuvalas M Galea S 《Behavior Therapy》2006,37(2):190-205
Early interventions that reduce the societal burden of mental health problems in the aftermath of disasters and mass violence have the potential to be enormously valuable. Internet-based interventions can be delivered widely, efficiently, and at low cost and as such are of particular interest. We describe the development and feasibility analysis of an Internet-delivered intervention designed to address mental health and substance-related reactions in disaster-affected populations. Participants (n = 285) were recruited from a cohort of New York City-area residents that had been followed longitudinally in epidemiological research initiated 6 months after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The intervention consisted of 7 modules: posttraumatic stress/panic, depression, generalized anxiety, alcohol use, marijuana use, drug use, and cigarette use. Feasibility data were promising and suggest the need for further evaluation. 相似文献
583.
McKay D Piacentini J Greisberg S Graae F Jaffer M Miller J 《Behaviour research and therapy》2006,44(1):137-146
While obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is defined as a unitary condition, prior research has identified meaningful and distinct symptom dimensions in adult samples. In contrast, there have been no investigations of symptom dimensions in samples of children diagnosed with OCD. The present study sought to address this gap. Children diagnosed with OCD (n = 137) were administered the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale symptom checklist and severity index. Symptoms were analyzed using principal components analysis. As with adult samples, four factors were identified from the checklist. However, these four factors (compulsions, sexual/aggressive obsessions, superstitions, and hoarding/ordering/somatic concerns) were different in content from adult studies. Further, several symptoms significantly contributed to more than one dimension. Each dimension was significantly correlated with scores from the severity index, with the exception of the obsession score with the hoarding/ordering/somatic concerns factor. Results suggest that there are distinct dimensions of symptoms in childhood OCD, but that these dimensions do not correspond to those identified in adults. Instead, it appears that some factors share variance, and the dimensions themselves are separated based upon developmental trajectories. The dimensions examined may be useful in future treatment studies using pharmacological and/or behavioral interventions. 相似文献
584.
Robbins BD 《The American psychologist》2003,58(6-7):494-495
585.
Yoo JH Williams DC Napolitano DA Peyton RT Baer DM Schroeder SR 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2003,36(2):245-248
Effects of two doses of risperidone on the performance of a matching task under tangible reinforcement and nonreinforcement conditions were measured in a woman with mental retardation. In both conditions, time to complete the task increased and response rates decreased under two doses of risperidone. Accuracy was generally unchanged. These changes were much smaller in the tangible reinforcement condition; thus, reinforcement seemed to protect performance from the rate-decreasing effects of risperidone. 相似文献
586.
Simonton DK 《Psychological bulletin》2003,129(4):475-494
Psychologists have primarily investigated scientific creativity from 2 contrasting in vitro perspectives: correlational studies of the creative person and experimental studies of the creative process. Here the same phenomenon is scrutinized using a 3rd, in vivo perspective, namely, the actual creative products that emerge from individual scientific careers and communities of creative scientists. This behavioral analysis supports the inference that scientific creativity constitutes a form of constrained stochastic behavior. That is, it can be accurately modeled as a quasi-random combinatorial process. Key findings from both correlational and experimental research traditions corroborate this conclusion. The author closes the article by arguing that all 3 perspectives--regarding the product, person, and process--must be integrated into a unified view of scientific creativity. 相似文献
587.
Three experiments investigated response times (RTs) for remember and know responses in recognition memory. RTs to remember responses were faster than RTs to know responses, regardless of whether the remember-know decision was preceded by an old/new decision (two-step procedure) or was made without a preceding old/new decision (one-step procedure). The finding of faster RTs for R responses was also found when remember-know decisions were made retrospectively. These findings are inconsistent with dual-process models of recognition memory, which predict that recollection is slower and more effortful than familiarity. Word frequency did not influence RTs, but remember responses were faster for words than for nonwords. We argue that the difference in RTs to remember and know responses reflects the time taken to make old/new decisions on the basis of the type of information activated at test. 相似文献
588.
This study examined burnout and depression among Catholic priests in Southern India using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and
the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (Robinson, Shaver, & Wrightsman, 1991). Additionally, a demographic
survey assessing four predictor variables was administered. Participants were 50 secular priests and 51 religious priests
randomly selected from two dioceses. The study found that diocesan/secular priests experienced significantly more burnout
and depression than did religious order priests. This indicates that structural and administrative systems can lead to burnout
and depression. The findings of this investigation would be of help for priests in both the United States and in India to
identify problems, to encourage reorientation of their lives towards the spiritual, and to promote emotional maturity.
Fr. Antony Raj is currently a graduate student in Pastoral Counseling at Claremont College in Claremont. He is an Associate
Pastor at All Souls Catholic Church in Alhambra, CA. 相似文献
589.
Cody DE 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2002,2(4):W22
The recent closure and removal of BioethicsLine led many researchers to wonder where to turn for their research needs. Joyce Plaza wrote that the closure is a mistake. In this essay I maintain, contra Plaza, that due to its cross-disciplinary nature researchers can find bioethics literature in other databases. In developing the search strategy the researcher needs to consider what the problem is about. If the researcher has a philosophical approach in mind, a wise choice would be to use Philosopher's Index; a legal approach suggests using Academic Universe, Westlaw, Lexis or legal databases freely available through state and federal websites. Further, in so far as the National Library of Medicine is integrating citations in BioethicsLine into the NLM Gateway databases (PubMed and LOCATORplus) I point out suggestions on using the latter databases effectively. There is a wealth of information readily available and researchers have much to learn by trying the alternatives. 相似文献
590.
Dean MP Bub DN Masson ME 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2001,27(3):733-743
Interference between related items in the identification of objects was examined using a postcue procedure. Pairs of objects were presented as differently colored line drawings followed by a color cue to indicate which object to name. Naming latencies were longer when both objects were from the same superordinate category than when they were unrelated. This interference effect was replicated when subjects were cued to report the color of a drawing rather than its name. Interference was greatly reduced when more distinctive attributes were used to distinguish members of a pair, both when the task required naming an object and when it required report of an object's attribute. These results challenge accounts of interference in the postcue paradigm that are based on competitive interactions in the activation of phonological representations by semantics and instead implicate object-attribute integration in memory as the source of interference. 相似文献