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201.
Bilateral deficit has been used to describe the phenomenon of a reduction in performance during synchronous bilateral movements when compared to the sum of identical unilateral movements. The study of bilateral deficit in humans under isometric, and to a lesser extent, dynamic conditions has shown bilateral decreases in force and muscle activation, and delayed reaction time. Results are equivocal, however, and biomechanical analyses of dynamic conditions, i.e., movements, are lacking. Our purpose was to determine, through an analysis of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic (EMG) data, whether or not bilateral deficit was present during a dynamic multi-joint movement under conditions where the external load was relatively equal for unilateral and bilateral efforts. Five male participants performed repeated unilateral and bilateral maximal horizontal leg press jumps under 100% (1BW) and 200% (2BW) relative body weight loads. Significant bilateral deficits in resultant ground reaction impulse of 27.7% and 13.0% were present in 1BW and 2BW, respectively. Maximum joint power at the hip exhibited significant deficits in both 1BW and 2BW of 35.6% and 25.1%, respectively. In both 1BW and 2BW conditions, ankle (15.5% and 11.5%), knee (10.9% and 5.7%), and hip (38.5% and 30.4%) work was significantly affected. Statistically significant EMG bilateral deficits were found in every muscle in both conditions except for rectus femoris during the 2BW trials. Bilateral deficit values ranged from 9.1% to 20.9% for 1BW, while deficits between 6.1% and 20.7% were found in 2BW. These results indicate that during dynamic leg press, bilateral deficit does exist, but that individual muscle activation levels and joint kinetics are not equally affected. 相似文献
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203.
The substantive nature of psycholexical personality factors: a comparison across languages 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The psycholexical approach to personality structure in American English has led to the Big Five factors. The present study considers whether this result is similar or different in other languages. Instead of placing the usual emphasis on quantitative indices, this study examines the substantive nature of the factors. Six studies in European languages were used to develop a taxonomy of content categories. The English translations of the relevant terms were then classified under this taxonomy. The results support the generality of Big Five Factor III (Conscientiousness). Factors IV (Emotional Stability) and V (Intellect) generally did not cohere. Factors I (Extraversion) and II (Agreeableness) tended to split when this was necessary to produce 5 factors. The analysis was extended to several additional studies. 相似文献
204.
Much attention has begun to focus on the quality of care for persons near the end of life. Palliative care, especially through hospice, has generated much discussion as possibly the most holistic care available. Consideration of how chronically ill older adults receive such care as a result of public policy can benefit from adopting a multidimensional perspective. This paper adopts Bronfenbrenner's ecological model to understand current end-of-life care for nursing home residents, followed by consideration of how each of these dimensions or levels of influence can be used to foster both research agendas and policy reforms to improve end-of-life care of nursing home residents. Specifically, the benefits of considering the influence of such policy initiatives as the Medicare hospice benefit and the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) on end-of-life care in nursing homes and the means through which policy can be informed by clinical research is emphasized. 相似文献
205.
Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a well-established treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it is not completely effective for many patients, and some do not benefit from or tolerate this treatment. Over the past 3 decades there has been growing interest in using cognitive interventions, either as adjuncts or alternatives to exposure-based treatments such as ERP, to address these shortcomings. Cognitive therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for OCD have both demonstrated greater efficacy than no treatment at all, and appear to have a lower incidence of dropout than ERP. Unfortunately, however, for the average OCD patient, cognitive interventions have not improved treatment efficacy; that is, cognitive interventions, either alone or combined with ERP, are no more effective than ERP alone. Reasons for this disappointing result are considered, and indications for the use of cognitive interventions are discussed. Future research directions are suggested in order to evaluate more fully the merits of, and indications for, cognitive methods for treating OCD. 相似文献
206.
207.
Current theorizing suggests that critical lures in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) procedure are often falsely remembered because they have received considerable relational processing (e.g., spreading activation or encoding of gist information). We used a repeated-testing paradigm to assess the amount of item-specific and relational processing given to the list items and the critical lures. Research has shown that items receiving item-specific processing are more likely to be recovered across successive tests. They are also output more slowly but more steadily throughout the recall period. In two experiments, we manipulated the processing performed on list items and then used item gains and cumulative recall curves to assess the amount of item-specific an drelational information encoded for both list items and lures. The results suggest that increasing the relational processing of list items increased item-specific processing of lures, whereas increasing item-specific processing of list items decreased item-specific processing of lures. We conclude that critical lures are typically rich in item-specific information, relative to list items. 相似文献
208.
Incremental Validity of Cognitions in a Clinical Case Formulation: An Intraindividual Test in a Case Example 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gregory H. Mumma Scott R. Mooney 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(1):17-28
Incremental validity, the ability of a measure to predict or explain variance over and above other measures, is an important
psychometric characteristic of standardized measures, but has received little attention idiographically. Idiographic assessment
may be an important part of developing a clinical case formulation, guiding treatment by developing an individualized understanding
of the variables that trigger and maintain distress. This study examined whether the idiosyncratic cognitive schema hypothesized
by a clinician in a cognitive case formulation explained distress incrementally over that of situational triggers. Using daily
ratings of situational triggers, idiosyncratic cognitions, and distress, the incremental validity of cognitions in predicting
each of six distress measures was tested in a case example using dynamic time series regression. The incremental variance
explained by cognitions varied across the distress measures, suggesting that, in this case example, targeting thoughts and
beliefs for treatment may be important for only certain types of distress.
相似文献
Gregory H. MummaEmail: |
209.
The purpose of this research was to develop a structural equation model that tested the effects of emotional reactivity on
the relational health of a representative sample of 736 premarital couples. We hypothesized that partners’ perceived family-of-origin
experience would be predictive of partners’ reports of their own and their partners’ emotional reactivity. These reports were
hypothesized to predict partners’ reports of their own and their partners’ ability to manage conflict, which were hypothesized
to predict relationship satisfaction. Overall, the model fit the data quite well, with particularly interesting differences
by gender. We discuss the model’s fit within the larger body of literature, the potential implications and limitations of
our findings, and future research considerations.
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
210.