Impulsivity has been conceptualized as influencing the expression of suicidal behavior. Adolescence is a developmental period characterized both by a relatively high rate of suicide attempts and a high level of impulsivity. The current study examined two behavioral measures (delay reward and disinhibition) and one self-report measure of impulsivity among girls with suicide attempt histories. Girls with multiple suicide attempts performed more impulsively on measures of delayed reward, and had higher self-ratings of depression and aggression than girls with either one or no suicide attempts. The multiple attempter girls' preference for immediate gratification may directly increase vulnerability to suicidal acts in the context of distressing states or indirectly increase risk by creating poor life experience over time. 相似文献
This study investigated the influence of two role stressors—role ambiguity and role conflict—on previously established relationships between mentoring activities—vocational support, psychosocial support, and role modeling—and prominent job attitudes. Full and partial mediation models were tested with a sample of 355 protégés. Results showed that both role conflict and role ambiguity completely mediated the relationships between psychosocial support and role modeling with job attitudes. There was also support for role conflict as a partial mediator of the relationship between vocational support and job attitudes. Additional analyses revealed that psychosocial support served as a suppressor-variable in this study. Implications for future research and mentoring practice are discussed. 相似文献
Summer camps have been recognized as a valuable means of delivering services to children with chronic illnesses. Although these camps exist in abundance across the United States, they have been largely underrepresented in the clinical psychology literature. Particularly, there is a staggering discrepancy between the number of camps in existence and the number of published articles pertaining to the systematic evaluation of these camps. We outline the potential benefits of camping programs for children who are chronically ill, describe the importance of systematically evaluating them, and provide a model for this evaluative process. We describe an evaluation of a diabetes summer camp and present implications of this study for camp decision makers and clinical psychologists working in pediatric medical settings. 相似文献
The purpose of this study was to evaluate an inpatient pediatric psychology consultation service, with particular focus on issues related to financial reimbursement for services. Information was gathered over a four year period (2001–2005) regarding number of consults, referral source and referral question, type of insurance, and reimbursement rates for health and behavior codes versus mental health codes. The financial impact of hiring an insurance verification specialist was also explored. Results indicated that reimbursement rates for health and behavior codes were higher than reimbursement rates for mental health codes. Health and behavior codes were rejected in 31% of cases that they were billed; the primary reason for rejection was that these codes were not a covered service by Medicaid. Hiring an insurance verification specialist was found to be a cost-effective method for improving the financial “bottom-line” for psychology services. Implications for practice are discussed. 相似文献
Understanding how computer users allocate attention to features of potentially dangerous emails could help mitigate costly errors. Which features are salient? How stable is attention allocation across variation in email features? We attempted to measure the mental salience of several email features common in spam and/or phishing emails. We created two email sets: one in which messages contained company logos and urgent actionable links and one without these features. Participants rated pairwise similarity of emails within each set. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was conducted to quantify psychological similarity between emails. A separate group rated the same emails for presence of five other features: important downloadable content, collecting personal information, account deletion or suspension, advertisement, and large images with clickable content. Regressing feature ratings onto the MDS coordinates revealed that similarity judgments were influenced mostly by advertisement/large images and collecting personal information, regardless of presence or absence of company logos and urgent actionable links. 相似文献
Sexual assault is a common phenomenon on university campuses with about one in five women victimized while in college. Consequently, bystander intervention programs have been gaining momentum. To improve such programs, research has begun to identify factors that may facilitate or impede individuals’ willingness to help a potential victim of sexual assault. The current study adds to this literature by: (a) examining potential differences in rape myth acceptance, critical consciousness, and willingness to help based on types of self-reported exposure to sexual assault; (b) exploring the previously unexamined mediating role of critical consciousness in the relationship between exposure to sexual assault and willingness to help; and (c) clarifying how the extent of rape myth acceptance impacts the relationship between exposure to sexual assault and willingness to help. Using a sample of 511 U.S. undergraduate students, results generally demonstrated that those with multiple types of exposure to sexual assault victimization demonstrated the highest levels of critical consciousness and greater willingness to help. Additionally, there was both a significant indirect effect of exposure to sexual assault on willingness to help via critical consciousness and a conditional effect of exposure to sexual assault on willingness to help that was stronger at lower levels of rape myth acceptance. Results highlight the importance of programming targeted at increasing critical consciousness.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - The authors are retracting this article (Finzi et al., 2018) because after publication they discovered a mistake in the behavioral analysis. 相似文献
Three experiments explored the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE; greater resistance to extinction after partial, rather than continuous, reinforcement training), in a spaced-trial situation with pigeons. Experiments 1 and 2 report conventional PREEs with 24-h intertrial intervals and between-subject designs. The corresponding outcome (food reinforcement or nonreinforcement) was delivered after satisfaction of a fixed-ratio 10 (Experiment 1) or a fixed-ratio 1 (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 reports a reversed PREE in a within-subject design with a fixed-ratio 10 requirement. Extinction occurred faster for the response paired with 50% partial reinforcement than for the response paired with continuous reinforcement. A third response paired with a small reinforcer (1 pellet/trial) in 100% of the trials extinguished faster than a response paired with a large reinforcer (15 pellets/trial). These results are discussed in the context of spaced-trial instrumental performance (key pecking and running), in pigeons. 相似文献
Within the Veterans Health Administration, it has become increasingly important to assess health-care workers' attitudes toward and beliefs about female patients, sensitivity to the unique needs of female patients, and knowledge about women veterans and the programs and services available to them. The current study describes the development of the Gender Awareness Inventory-VA, an instrument that assesses 3 components: gender-role ideology, gender sensitivity, and knowledge among health-care staff. Data were drawn from various samples of Veterans Health Administration employees in a large geographical region (overall N > 1,100; nationally, this population includes roughly 37% minorities). In a series of psychometric inquiries, evidence for reliability and validity was established, and preliminary evidence was provided for the instrument's underlying factor structure. 相似文献