单字法与字表法定向遗忘的比较研究

迄今为止,定向遗忘的研究一般用单字法和字表法展开,而何种方法占优势一直是研究者们争论的焦点。本文在前人．研究的基础上,通过操作指示符变量（记住,遗忘）,尝试着揭示两种方法研究定向遗忘的特点以及机制。     

Effect of peer presence on adolescents' risk-taking is moderated by individual self-esteem: An experimental study

Prior research suggests that the presence of peers increases adolescents' risk-taking. However, it is not clear whether the effect of peer presence is moderated by individual characteristics such as self-esteem, since individuals with low self-esteem are more susceptible to peer influence theoretically. The present study examined this problem using an adapted Stoplight Game in an experiment. A final sample of 140 adolescent students aged 14–18 (M = 16.25 ± 0.73 years, 61 girls), divided into two groups—low self-esteem and high self-esteem, according to their self-esteem scores, completed a risk-taking task either alone or in the presence of a same-sex peer. The results indicated that peer presence increased adolescents' risk-taking, specifically for those with low self-esteem, while those with high self-esteem were not affected by peer presence. The findings are helpful for our understanding of peer influence on adolescent risk-taking and the moderating role of the self and have practical implications for preventing and intervening adolescents' risk-taking via increasing their self-esteem.     

FOK产生机制的再验证

通过用有意义联系和无意义联系的两种中文词对作为识记材料,在以前实验研究基础上,进一步验证关于FOK(Feelingof Knowing)产生机制的两种理论假说,即靶项日记忆强度假说(或靶项目提取可能性假说)与线索熟悉性假说。实验结果表明,靶项目记忆强度和线索熟悉性程度都能决定FOK判断等级的高低,说明两种假说并非绝对对立,非此既彼。但此二因素都需达到一定程度,才能显著影响FOK判断等级的高低。     

中医和中国哲学中身体的意义:以梦为中心

对梦这个精神现象的考察可从多个角度进行,中国医学和哲学范围内的几种释梦思路反映出对精神状态的一贯重视,但这种重视必须联系身体观念才构成完整的体察。中医把梦视为身体疾病的信号,道家的"至人无梦"说和宋代理学对"孔子梦周公"问题的讨论则涉及两种释梦思路间的转移,即从视梦为精神状态和精神修养的指针到兆示吉凶的征兆。脱离身体的精神化解读暴露的中国古典身体观念和崇圣传统之间的张力,是造成这一转移的主要因素。     

FOK判断等级及其准确性的实验研究

通过实验集中控制了ＦＯＲ判断等级及其准确性的影响因素。实验以中文字串为学习材料,使用组内设计的实验方法研究了被激活信息的量和强度对ＦＯＤ等级及准确性的影响。实验结果表明：ＦＯＫ判断的等级是由被激活信息的总量决定;的,和被激活信息的正确与否无关;ＦＯＤ判断的准确性是由被激活信息的强度决定的;且二者是在内联系的。     

The impact of monetary stimuli on object-based attention

Previous research has implied that monetary reward to target location (a reward for spatial properties) can affect object-based attention, but no study has directly investigated the influence of monetary objects (a reward for object properties) on object-based attention. Thus, it is unclear whether and how monetary objects can affect object-based attention. To experimentally investigate this problem, this study adapted the well-established two-rectangle paradigm. In Experiment 1, either two 100-yuan notes or two 1-yuan notes were presented to participants. We found an object-based effect with faster responses to targets at an uncued position on the cued object compared to those at an equidistant position on the uncued object; the effect was similar in 100-yuan and 1-yuan note trials. In Experiment 2, two notes (one 100-yuan and one 1-yuan) were simultaneously presented to participants, and cue location (100-yuan, 1-yuan) was manipulated. We found a greater object-based effect when the cue appeared on the 100-yuan note than on the 1-yuan note. These results suggest that the rewarding property of objects can affect object-based attention by means of altering object salience.     

定向遗忘影响延时测验吗

延时测验中是否存在定向遗忘效应一直是研究者们争论的焦点。因此,本文用汉语的低频单字作为材料,通过引入保持期变量（即时．延时）．以再认和偏好作为外显和内隐记忆测验束考察定向遗忘是否影响延时测验。     

Object file continuity and the auditory attentional blink

Three experiments were designed to investigate the causes of the auditory attentional blink (AB). Experiments 1A and 1B revealed that there was a larger auditory AB when the target and the distractors were different in two attributes than when they were different in only one attribute. Experiments 2A and 2B showed that for pure-tone distractor sequences, there were small auditory AB deficits when both the target and the probe were different from the distractors in two attributes or in one attribute; however, for pulse distractor sequences, there was a large auditory AB when both the target and the probe were different from the distractors in one attribute, but not when they were different in two attributes. Experiments 3A and 3B revealed that regardless of the relationship of the target to the subsequent distractors, a large AB was generated if it was the first sound in a sequence. Moreover, only a very small AB was apparent when the distractors following the probe were replaced by silence. These results indicated that the auditory AB is affected by both the requirement of creating and consolidating a new object file for the target and the overwriting of the probe by the distractors following it.     

论《禅苑清规》中禅、净与律学思想的互动

《禅苑清规》是目前所见最早、最完整的禅宗清规,它也是禅宗其他清规的范本,因其独特的地位,在我国佛教史上占有一席之地。它编成于北宋末,正值佛教诸宗派融合之时,本文以佛教宗派学说交融为基础,讨论《禅苑清规》中所体现出来的禅、净与律学思想在此清规中的互动关系。