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181.
Six tasks administered on a MINC-11 minicomputer were used in studying the effects of long, continuous work periods and fatigue on physical and cognitive task performance. Submaximal physiological workload measurement was done during one of these tasks for a subject walking on a treadmill. The MINC-11 system is described, as are the six tasks programs. Four of these tasks measured various types of reaction times, another involved complex information processing, and one appraised moods, physical symptoms, fatigue, and the physiological status of subjects. 相似文献
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183.
Simulations of space use by animals were run to determine the relationship among home range area estimates, variability, and sample size (number of locations). As sample size increased, home range size increased asymptotically, whereas variability decreased among mean home range area estimates generated by multiple simulations for the same sample size. Our results suggest that field workers should ascertain between 100 and 200 locations in order to estimate reliably home range area. In some cases, this suggested guideline is higher than values found in the few published studies in which the relationship between home range area and number of locations is addressed. Sampling differences for small species occupying relatively small home ranges indicate that fewer locations may be sufficient to allow for a reliable estimate of home range. Intraspecific variability in social status (group member, loner, resident, transient), age, sex, reproductive condition, and food resources also have to be considered, as do season, habitat, and differences in sampling and analytical methods. Comparative data still are needed. 相似文献
184.
David Navon 《Acta psychologica》1984,55(3):273-280
Researchers sometimes report an effect of an experimental manipulation on a dependent variable in terms of the difference between levels of a certain nuisance variable required in the different experimental conditions to reach a given criterion of behavior. This method, however, may yield illusory impressions about magnitude of effects. 相似文献
185.
186.
A comparison of the WISC-R and the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Educational Battery (W-J) was made for children with regular and learning-disabled (LD) class placement. The W-J and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) evidence low to moderate correlations and significant mean differences, indicating that the two tests are measuring somewhat different abilities to somewhat differing degrees. W-J—WISC-R correlations for the regular students exceed those of the LD students in the greater majority of the cases. Rank ordering of the WISC-R subtests and the W-J clusters indicate, as might be expected, that the LD students fare the worst in the WISC-R academic subtests (Arithmetic, Information and Vocabulary) and in the W-J academic clusters. More research needs to be conducted with the W-J before it should be adopted for use in the placement of exceptional children. 相似文献
187.
David P. Lindeman Henry A. Goodstein Arlene Sachs Clifford C. Young 《Journal of School Psychology》1984,22(1):111-117
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the predictive validity of the Yellow Brick Road Test (YBRT) relative to performance in reading as measured by the Metropolitan Achievement Test (MAT). A full prediction-performance comparison matrix was employed to compare three different cutoff scores for the YBRT for the identification of “at-risk” children. Four hundred and fourteen kindergarten-aged children were administered the YBRT, 214 of whom were followed to the end of second grade. It was concluded that the YBRT is a moderately valid instrument for predicting the level of reading achievement in a population with a different average performance level from the normative sample. However, the results of this study failed to support the utility of the test author's suggested use of a score of 120 as the cutoff score. Finally, it is recommended that a prediction-performance comparison study be considered standard methodology for the evaluation of the validity and efficiency of screening instruments. 相似文献
188.
I. D. John 《Australian psychologist》1984,19(1):29-37
Psychology seeks to justify its claims to privilege as a social institution largely on the basis of its scientific knowledge claims. These knowledge claims tend to be based on, and to reflect a particular view about the nature of science which is under increasing challenge. This situation is discussed and some of its implications examined. 相似文献
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190.