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21.
The present study examines moods in which individuals are most likely to utilize various forms of entertainment media and the emotion regulation tendencies that are associated with such preferences. Results of a questionnaire study (n = 229) show that mood specific media use may be captured by three factors: turning to media in a positive mood, in a negative mood or in a bored mood. Findings also show that various forms of difficulty regulating emotion (e.g., feeling out of control when upset) predict media use in negative or bored moods only. More specific analyses show that music use in negative moods is predicted by both positive indices (e.g., reflection tendencies) and negative indices of emotion regulation (e.g., rumination tendencies), while television use in negative moods is only predicted by negative indices of emotion regulation. Results are discussed in light of the psychological needs that selective media use may serve. 相似文献
22.
Monica Biernat Diane Kobrynowicz Dara L. Weber 《Journal of applied social psychology》2003,33(10):2060-2079
Four studies tested a prediction derived from the shifting-standards model (Biernat, Manis, & Nelson, 1991) regarding the role stereotypes play in judgments of individual group members. Previous research has documented that stereotyping effects are stronger on objective than on subjective response scales, and the present studies found that these effects were intensified when participants were under heavy cognitive load. Stereotyping effects increased on objective judgment scales, but decreased on subjective scales. The latter is a paradoxical effect: By relying on stereotypes, one may increasingly use them as within-category comparative standards, which leads to the apparent reduction of stereotyping effects. 相似文献
23.
Ask and you might receive: The actor–partner interdependence model approach to estimating cultural and gender variations in social support 下载免费PDF全文
Biru Zhou Dara Heather Alessia Di Cesare Andrew G. Ryder 《European journal of social psychology》2017,47(4):412-428
As an essential part of close relationships, social support is a dynamic interactive process. This paper aims to simultaneously investigate social support‐seeking and provision behaviours using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Ninety‐two friendship dyads participated in this study. Supportive versus negative friendship qualities were used to predict different support‐seeking and support‐provision behaviours during an experimental task. Cultural and gender variations were also examined. Results showed that self‐reported friendship qualities influence support‐seeking and provision behaviours intrapersonally and interpersonally. Female participants were more likely to provide emotion‐focused support than were male participants. After accounting for friendship qualities in the dyads, there was no evidence of cultural group differences on support‐seeking or provision behaviours among same‐sex friends. These results demonstrate the conceptual and empirical advantages of using APIM to unpack cultural and gender variations in social support processes. 相似文献
24.
Babinski DE Pelham WE Molina BS Waschbusch DA Gnagy EM Yu J Sibley MH Biswas A 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(4):420-429
This study compared adult women with childhood ADHD to adult women without childhood ADHD and to adult men with childhood
ADHD. The participants, all from a larger longitudinal study, included 30 women and 30 men (approximately age 23 to 24) with
childhood ADHD, and 27 women without ADHD. Women with childhood ADHD were matched to comparison women on age, ethnicity, and
parental education, and to men with childhood ADHD on age, ethnicity, and IQ. Self- and parent-reports of internalizing, interpersonal,
academic, and job impairment, as well as substance use and delinquency indicated group differences on measures of self-esteem,
interpersonal and vocational functioning, as well as substance use. Follow-up planned comparison tests revealed that almost
all of these differences emerged by diagnostic status, and not by gender. This study adds to research on the negative adult
outcomes of ADHD and demonstrates that the outcomes of men and women with childhood ADHD are relatively similar. 相似文献
25.
Read my lips: asymmetries in the visual expression and perception of speech revealed through the McGurk effect 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It is well known that the right side of the mouth moves more than the left during speech, but little is known about how this asymmetry affects lipreading. We investigated asymmetries in the visual expression and perception of speech using the McGurk effect-an illusion in which incongruent lip movements cause listeners to misreport sounds. Thirty right-handed participants watched film clips in which the left, the right, or neither side of the mouth was covered. The McGurk effect was attenuated when the right side of the mouth was covered, demonstrating that this side is more important to lipreading than is the left side of the mouth. Mirror-reversed images tested whether the asymmetry was the result of an observer bias toward the left hemispace. The McGurk effect was stronger in the normal than in the mirror orientation when the mouth was fully visible. Thus, observers attend more to what they think is the right side of the speaker's mouth. Asymmetries in mouth movements may reflect the gestural origins of language, which are also right lateralized. 相似文献
26.
The Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985) is a common measure of optimism. Previous studies of the convergent and discriminant (vis-à-vis neuroticism) validity of the LOT have relied solely on questionnaires. Our Study 1 was a multitrait, multimethod investigation of the LOT incorporating Gottschalk and Gleser's (1969) method of content analysis of speech samples as a nonquestionnaire assessment method. The LOT did not correlate significantly with the Gottschalk Hope Scale (Gottschalk, 1974) derived from speech samples. Study 2 was an initial attempt to determine the nature of the differences between these alternate measures of optimism. In particular, it was hypothesized and found that the LOT was more fakable than the Hope Scale. Participants who received special instructions to "fake good" scored significantly higher on the LOT than did control participants who received no special instructions. Faking instructions did not significantly affect scores on the Hope Scale. 相似文献
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28.
Margaret H. Sibley William E. Pelham Brooke S. G. Molina Daniel A. Waschbusch Elizabeth M. Gnagy Dara E. Babinski Aparajita Biswas 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):645-656
The purpose of the current study was to test the ability of adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD to reliably self-report
delinquency history. Data were examined from the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS), a follow-up study of children
diagnosed with ADHD between 1987 and 1996. Self-report of lifetime delinquency history was compared to concurrent parent-report
and to self-report 1 year later. Participants included 313 male probands and 209 demographically similar comparison individuals
without ADHD. Results indicated that adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD were more likely than comparison participants
to fail to report delinquent acts reported by a parent and to recant acts they endorsed 1 year earlier. This trend was most
apparent for acts of mild to moderate severity. After controlling for several covariates, current ADHD symptom severity and
parent-report of the participant’s tendency to lie predicted reporting fewer delinquent acts than one’s parent. Current ADHD
symptom severity also predicted more recanting of previously endorsed acts. Based on these findings, several recommendations
are made for the assessment of delinquency history in adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD. 相似文献
29.
Kendra L. Read Cara A. Settipani Jeremy Peterman Philip C. Kendall Scott Compton John Piacentini James McCracken Lindsey Bergman John Walkup Dara Sakolsky Boris Birmaher Anne Marie Albano Moira Rynn Golda Ginsburg Courtney Keeton Elizabeth Gosch Cynthia Suveg Joel Sherrill John March 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2015,37(1):100-111
30.
This study explored asymmetries for movement, expression and perception of visual speech. Sixteen dextral models were videoed as they articulated: 'bat,' 'cat,' 'fat,' and 'sat.' Measurements revealed that the right side of the mouth was opened wider and for a longer period than the left. The asymmetry was accentuated at the beginning and ends of the vocalization and was attenuated for words where the lips did not articulate the first consonant. To measure asymmetries in expressivity, 20 dextral observers watched silent videos and reported what was said. The model's mouth was covered so that the left, right or both sides were visible. Fewer errors were made when the right mouth was visible compared to the left--suggesting that the right side is more visually expressive of speech. Investigation of asymmetries in perception using mirror-reversed clips revealed that participants did not preferentially attend to one side of the speaker's face. A correlational analysis revealed an association between movement and expressivity whereby a more motile right mouth led to stronger visual expressivity of the right mouth. The asymmetries are most likely driven by left hemisphere specialization for language, which causes a rightward motoric bias. 相似文献