An individual differences additive model: An alterating least squares method with optimal scaling features

An individual differences additive model is discussed which represents individual differences in additivity by differential weighting of additive factors. A procedure for estimating the model parameters for various data measurement characteristics is developed. The procedure is evaluated using both Monte Carlo and real data. The method is found to be very useful in describing certain types of developmental change in cognitive structure, as well as being numerically robust and efficient.The work reported here was partly supported by Grant A6394 to the first author by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.     

A cognitive developmental perspective on counselling adolescents

Although developmental perspectives on counselling are increasingly popular, difficulties inherent in these perspectives impede their actual use in practice. In this paper, individual counselling is situated within a cognitive developmental (Piagetian) framework. Its major constructs — structure and function, assimilation and accommodation, and equilibration — can profitably be applied to the counselling of adolescents. The implications of these constructs for use by counsellors are presented in the light of the traditional responsive and initiative conditions required of the helping relationship. Thus, a perspective on actual counselling intervention founded on a major direction in developmental psychology is provided.     

Teaching maxi- and minicomputer programming at the same time: Is there an advantage?

A course is described that provides concurrent and equal coverage of maxi- and minicomputer systems. The results of student evaluations are provided.     

Note on excitation theories

Offner's demonstration of the excitation time equivalence, for all currents, of the theories of Hill and Rashevsky is here extended to a more general case which includes both. It is found that any system of this general type may be replaced by an equivalent one of the Rashevsky type, thus effecting considerable simplification in the mathematical detail.The author is indebted to Mr. Alvin Weinberg of the Dept. of Physics, University of Chicago, for verifying the computations.     

A note on multidimensional psychophysical analysis

On viewing Thurstone's psychophysical scale from the point of view of the mathematical theory of one-parameter continuous groups, it is seen that a variety of different psychological or statistical assumptions can all be made to lead to a scale possessing similar properties, though requiring different computational techniques for their determination. The natural extension to multi-dimensional scaling is indicated.