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191.
192.
Danielle O. Dean Daniel J. Bauer Mitchell J. Prinstein 《Multivariate behavioral research》2017,52(3):271-289
A social network perspective can bring important insight into the processes that shape human behavior. Longitudinal social network data, measuring relations between individuals over time, has become increasingly common—as have the methods available to analyze such data. A friendship duration model utilizing discrete-time multilevel survival analysis with a multiple membership random effect structure is developed and applied here to study the processes leading to undirected friendship dissolution within a larger social network. While the modeling framework is introduced in terms of understanding friendship dissolution, it can be used to understand microlevel dynamics of a social network more generally. These models can be fit with standard generalized linear mixed-model software, after transforming the data to a pair-period data set. An empirical example highlights how the model can be applied to understand the processes leading to friendship dissolution between high school students, and a simulation study is used to test the use of the modeling framework under representative conditions that would be found in social network data. Advantages of the modeling framework are highlighted, and potential limitations and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
193.
Using Participatory System Dynamics Modeling to Examine the Local HIV Test and Treatment Care Continuum in Order to Reduce Community Viral Load 下载免费PDF全文
Margaret R. Weeks Jianghong Li David Lounsbury Helena Danielle Green Maryann Abbott Marcie Berman Lucy Rohena Rosely Gonzalez Shawn Lang Heather Mosher 《American journal of community psychology》2017,60(3-4):584-598
Achieving community‐level goals to eliminate the HIV epidemic requires coordinated efforts through community consortia with a common purpose to examine and critique their own HIV testing and treatment (T&T) care system and build effective tools to guide their efforts to improve it. Participatory system dynamics (SD) modeling offers conceptual, methodological, and analytical tools to engage diverse stakeholders in systems conceptualization and visual mapping of dynamics that undermine community‐level health outcomes and identify those that can be leveraged for systems improvement. We recruited and engaged a 25‐member multi‐stakeholder Task Force, whose members provide or utilize HIV‐related services, to participate in SD modeling to examine and address problems of their local HIV T&T service system. Findings from the iterative model building sessions indicated Task Force members’ increasingly complex understanding of the local HIV care system and demonstrated their improved capacity to visualize and critique multiple models of the HIV T&T service system and identify areas of potential leverage. Findings also showed members’ enhanced communication and consensus in seeking deeper systems understanding and options for solutions. We discuss implications of using these visual SD models for subsequent simulation modeling of the T&T system and for other community applications to improve system effectiveness. 相似文献
194.
195.
Danielle Ofri 《The Journal of medical humanities》2010,31(4):303-317
Poetry is a supremely sensory art, both in the imagining and in the writing. What happens when the poet faces illness? How is the poetry affected by alterations of the body and mind? This paper examines the poetry of several writers afflicted by physical illness—poets of great renown and poets who might be classified as “emerging voices,” in order to explore the interplay between creativity and corporeal vulnerability. 相似文献
196.
We examined the psychosocial maladjustment of 32 children with an incarcerated parent from the child’s perspective as well
as from the perspective of their caregiver. We focused on the relation between the incarcerated parent’s report of children’s
exposure to parental criminal activity, arrest, and sentencing and caregivers’ and children’s self-reports of maladjustment.
Results indicate that witnessing these events is associated with more behavior problems according to caregivers’ and children’s
self-reports. Moreover, incarcerated parents’ reports of children’s exposure to these events predicted caregivers’ and children’s
reports of maladjustment over a 6 month period. Our results also suggest that children with incarcerated mothers, in comparison
to children with incarcerated fathers, are exposed to more of these events and may be experiencing greater maladjustment.
Implications of these findings are discussed within a proactive context and the use of procedures that take children’s reactions
to witnessing parental arrest and sentencing into consideration. 相似文献
197.
A convincing deceiver must act in discordance with their knowledge of the truth. To do so requires the deceiver to resolve
competition between what is known to be true and what is intended to be false. We investigated the temporal signature of this
competition by examining the action dynamics of arm movement while participants responded falsely or truthfully to autobiographical
information. The participants answered no or yes by navigating a Nintendo Wii Remote to no and yes regions on a large projector screen. Trajectory analyses of the fine-grained
arm movements show increased complexity in false responding relative to truthful responding, with the greatest difference
in false yes answers. The dynamic motor movements also reveal greater strength of competition during the act of false responding,
thereby extending traditional response time measures that capture latent competition alone. These results suggest that deceptive
processes may be detectable when action is allowed to covary with thought. Supplemental figures and a list of the sentence
stimuli may be downloaded from http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
198.
Pharmacologic and Behavioral Withdrawal From Addictive Drugs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Timothy B. Baker Sandra J. Japuntich Joanne M. Hogle Danielle E. McCarthy John J. Curtin 《Current directions in psychological science》2006,15(5):232-236
ABSTRACT— Recent theories suggest that drug withdrawal does not motivate drug use and relapse. However, data now show that withdrawal produces complex changes over time in at least two symptoms (i.e., negative affect and urges) that are highly predictive of relapse. Evidence suggests that falling levels of the drug in the blood and interruption of the drug self-administration ritual both affect these symptoms. Both of these forms of withdrawal motivate renewed drug use in addicted individuals. 相似文献
199.
Danielle M. Soulliere 《Sex roles》2006,55(1-2):1-11
This study was designed to examine messages about manhood revealed by televised professional wrestling through content analyses of 118 World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) programs and pay-per-view events. Specifically, messages concerning masculinity and the way in which proof and assertion of manhood are accomplished were investigated and compared to the culturally ideal version of masculinity. Findings revealed that the messages imparted by the WWE about manhood support the dominant hegemonic form of masculinity, which emphasizes aggression and violence, emotional restraint, and success and achievement. Popular culture messages about manhood that emphasize hegemonic masculinity have implications for alternative expressions of masculinity and potential gender role socialization, which are discussed. 相似文献
200.
Danielle R. Perszyk Ryan F. Lei Galen V. Bodenhausen Jennifer A. Richeson Sandra R. Waxman 《Developmental science》2019,22(3)
There is ample evidence of racial and gender bias in young children, but thus far this evidence comes almost exclusively from children's responses to a single social category (either race or gender). Yet we are each simultaneously members of many social categories (including our race and gender). Among adults, racial and gender biases intersect: negative racial biases are expressed more strongly against males than females. Here, we consider the developmental origin of bias at the intersection of race and gender. Relying on both implicit and explicit measures, we assessed 4‐year‐old children's responses to target images of children who varied systematically in both race (Black and White) and gender (male and female). Children revealed a strong and consistent pro‐White bias. This racial bias was expressed more strongly for males than females: children's responses to Black boys were less positive than to Black girls, White boys or White girls. This outcome, which constitutes the earliest evidence of bias at the intersection of race and gender, underscores the importance of addressing bias in the first years of life. 相似文献