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排序方式: 共有331条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
221.
Caviola S Mammarella IC Cornoldi C Lucangeli D 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2012,112(2):141-160
The involvement of working memory (WM) was examined in two types of mental calculation tasks: exact and approximate. Specifically, children attending Grades 3 and 4 of primary school were involved in three experiments that examined the role of verbal and visuospatial WM in solving addition problems presented in vertical or horizontal format. For Experiment 1, the children were required to solve addition problems with carrying. For Experiment 2, they were required to solve addition problems without carrying. Then, for Experiment 3, the children needed to solve approximate problems with and without carrying. Results confirmed that different WM components are involved in solving mental addition problems. In Experiment 1, horizontally presented addition problems were more impaired than vertically presented ones, according to a verbal WM load; conversely, vertically presented addition problems were more affected by a visuospatial WM load, especially when the children were required to perform approximate calculations. In Experiment 2, this pattern emerged in neither exact nor approximate calculations. Finally, in Experiment 3, the specific involvement of WM components was observed only in problems with carrying. Overall, these results reveal that both approximate calculation and carrying procedures demand particularly high WM resources that vary according to the task's constraints. 相似文献
222.
Di Giacomo D De Federicis LS Pistelli M Fiorenzi D Passafiume D 《Cognitive processing》2012,13(1):55-62
We analysed the organisation of semantic network using associative mechanisms between different types of information and studied
the progression of the use of these associative relations during development. We aimed to verify the linkage of concepts with
the use of semantic associative relations. The goal of this study was to analyse the cognitive ability to use associative
relations between various items when describing old and/or new concepts. We examined the performance of 100 subjects between
the ages of 4 and 7 years on an experimental task using five associative relations based on verbal encoding. The results showed
that children are able to use the five semantic associative relations at age 4, but performance with each of the different
associative relations improves at different times during development. Functional and part/whole relations develop at an early
age, whereas the superordinate relations develop later. Our study clarified the characteristics of the progression of semantic
associations during development as well as the roles that associative relations play in the structure and improvement of the
semantic store. 相似文献
223.
Willem Eijzenga Daniela EE Hahn Neil K Aaronson Irma Kluijt Eveline MA Bleiker 《Journal of genetic counseling》2014,23(2):133-146
Approximately 25 % of individuals undergoing genetic counseling for cancer experiences clinically relevant levels of distress, anxiety and/or depression. However, these general psychological outcomes that are used in many studies do not provide detailed information on the specific psychosocial problems experienced by counselees. The aim of this review was to investigate the specific psychosocial issues encountered by individuals undergoing genetic counseling for cancer, and to identify overarching themes across these issues. A literature search was performed, using four electronic databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Embase). Papers published between January 2000 and January 2013 were selected using combinations, and related indexing terms of the keywords: ‘genetic counseling’, ‘psychology’ and ‘cancer’. In total, 25 articles met our inclusion criteria. We identified the specific issues addressed by these papers, and used meta-ethnography to identify the following six overarching themes: coping with cancer risk, practical issues, family issues, children-related issues, living with cancer, and emotions. A large overlap in the specific issues and themes was found between these studies, suggesting that research on specific psychosocial problems within genetic counseling has reached a point of saturation. As a next step, efforts should be made to detect and monitor these problems of counselees at an early stage within the genetic counseling process. 相似文献
224.
Christine Bastin Martial van der Linden Caroline Schnakers Daniela Montaldi Andrew R. Mayes 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2013,25(6):922-943
The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which familiarity can support associative recognition memory as a function of whether the associations are within- or between-domain. Standard recognition and familiarity only performance were compared in different participants, using a new adaptation of the remember/know procedure. The results indicated that within-domain (face–face) associative recognition was mainly supported by familiarity. In contrast, familiarity provided relatively poor support to between-domain (face–name) associative recognition for which optimal performance required a major recollection contribution. These findings suggest that familiarity can support associative recognition memory, particularly for within-domain associations, and contrast with the widely held view that associative recognition depends largely on recollection. 相似文献
225.
Although many visual stimulus databases exist, none has data on item similarity levels for multiple items of each kind of stimulus. We present such data for 50 sets of grayscale object photographs. Similarity measures between pictures in each set (e.g., 25 different buttons) were collected using a similarity-sorting method (Goldstone, Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers, 26(4):381–386, 1994). A validation experiment used data from 1 picture set and compared responses from standard pairwise measures. This showed close agreement. The similarity-sorting measures were then standardized across picture sets, using pairwise ratings. Finally, the standardized similarity distances were validated in a recognition memory experiment; false alarms increased when targets and foils were more similar. These data will facilitate memory and perception research that needs to make comparisons between stimuli with a range of known target–foil similarities. 相似文献
226.
227.
Adriana Lis Claudia Mazzeschi Daniela Di Riso Silvia Salcuni 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(5):434-444
Attachment patterns and personality dimensions have always been considered important to the development and adaptation of the individual. The first aim of this article was to address some basic questions about the place of attachment in a multimethod assessment when compiling a complete picture of the patient's personality functioning. The second aim was to present the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP; George &; West, 2001) as a valid and productive assessment measure. Based on a single case study of an anorexic young woman, the article demonstrates how the AAP is integrated with the Rorschach Comprehensive System (Exner, 1991, 1993) and other assessment tools in both the assessment and in developing a treatment plan. 相似文献
228.
Abstract De Robertis D, Tricoli ML. Construction and Subjectivity of Fantasy. Int Forum Psychoanal 1997;6: 167-174. Stockholm, ISSN 0803-706X. The authors point out that in Freud's thought fantasy surpasses ontogeny, becoming history of phylogeny through collective and prehistoric Oedipus. Unlike Freud, who followed a positivistic epistemology, the authors emphasize the individual meanings of fantasy, according to the present constructionistic epistemology. First, an outline of this point of view is presented. Secondly, a theoretical approach between fantasy and repression-in the light of the concept of “compulsion to know”-is suggested. A clinical vignette follows to illustrate the above mentioned principles. 相似文献
229.
Polychronicity and multitasking have been described as being indispensible in work today because they enable people to use their time flexibly and effectively. We conducted a diary study among 93 employees during the mornings and evenings of 5 consecutive workdays (n = 418 observations). The study used hierarchical linear modeling with polychronicity and other personal characteristics at the person level, and multitasking behavior along with multitasking opportunities, interruptions, and unplanned work as antecedents, and affective well-being and self-rated performance as outcomes at the day level. We found several relations between antecedents and multitasking, as well as between multitasking and consequences. Polychronicity interacts with these relationships, such that polychronic individuals’ affective well-being and self-rated performance are less affected on days with much multitasking compared to monochronic individuals. 相似文献
230.
Prof. Dr. Dipl.-Psych Josef Bailer Tobias Müller Michael Witthöft Carsten Diener Daniela Mier Julia Ofer Fred Rist 《Psychotherapeut》2013,58(6):552-559