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821.
Daniel Leising Sabrina Krause Doreen Köhler Kai Hinsen Allan Clifton 《Journal of research in personality》2011,(6):631-641
In order to better integrate research on personality pathology, interpersonal problems, and social skills, we applied the traditional methods of these three research strands (questionnaires, interviews, and interpersonal role-plays) to the same sample. Participants who attributed higher levels of interpersonal problems to themselves in general were also more critical of their own role-play performances, but these impressions were not mirrored by observer-ratings. Self-observer agreement in judging overall role-play performance was essentially zero. Interviewer-ratings of personality pathology had incremental validity over self-ratings in predicting observer-rated role-play performance. Self-reports of interpersonal functioning leave relevant behavioral variance untapped and thus should be complemented by other sources of information. 相似文献
822.
Michelle M. Martel Molly Nikolas Katherine Jernigan Karen Friderici Irwin Waldman Joel T. Nigg 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(1):1-10
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prime candidate for exploration of gene-by-environment interaction (i.e.,
G x E), particularly in relation to dopamine system genes, due to strong evidence that dopamine systems are dysregulated in
the disorder. Using a G x E design, we examined whether the DRD4 promoter 120-bp tandem repeat polymorphism, previously associated with ADHD, moderated the effects of inconsistent parenting
and marital conflict on ADHD or Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD). Participants were 548 children with ADHD and non-ADHD
comparison children and their parents. Homozygosity for the DRD4 promoter 120-bp tandem repeat insertion allele increased vulnerability for ADHD and ODD only in the presence of inconsistent
parenting and appeared to increase susceptibility to the influence of increased child self-blame for marital conflict on ADHD
inattention. DRD4 genotypes may interact with these proximal family environmental risk factors by increasing the individual’s responsivity
to environmental contingencies. 相似文献
823.
This study examined transactional associations between responses to peer stress and depression in youth. Specifically, it
tested the hypotheses that (a) depression would predict fewer effortful responses and more involuntary, dysregulated responses
to peer stress over time; and (b) fewer adaptive and more maladaptive responses would predict subsequent depression. Youth
(M age = 12.41; SD = 1.19; 86 girls, 81 boys) and their maternal caregivers completed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires at three
annual waves. Multi-group comparison path analyses were conducted to examine sex and stress-level differences in the proposed
reciprocal-influence model. In girls and in youth exposed to high levels of peer stress, maladaptive stress responses predicted
more depressive symptoms and adaptive stress responses predicted fewer depressive symptoms at each wave. These findings suggest
the utility of preventive interventions for depression designed to enhance the quality of girls’ stress responses. In boys,
depression predicted less adaptive and more maladaptive stress responses, but only at the second wave. These findings suggest
that interventions designed to reduce boys’ depressive symptoms may help them develop more adaptive stress responses. 相似文献
824.
Childhood Social Withdrawal,Interpersonal Impairment,and Young Adult Depression: A Mediational Model
Katz SJ Conway CC Hammen CL Brennan PA Najman JM 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(8):1227-1238
Building on interpersonal theories of depression, the current study sought to explore whether early childhood social withdrawal
serves as a risk factor for depressive symptoms and diagnoses in young adulthood. The researchers hypothesized that social
impairment at age 15 would mediate the association between social withdrawal at age 5 and depression by age 20. This mediational
model was tested in a community sample of 702 Australian youth followed from mother’s pregnancy to youth age 20. Structural
equation modeling analyses found support for a model in which childhood social withdrawal predicted adolescent social impairment,
which, in turn, predicted depression in young adulthood. Additionally, gender was found to moderate the relationship between
adolescent social impairment and depression in early adulthood, with females exhibiting a stronger association between social
functioning and depression at the symptom and diagnostic level. This study illuminates one potential pathway from early developing
social difficulties to later depressive symptoms and disorders. 相似文献
825.
Graziano PA McNamara JP Geffken GR Reid A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(7):1073-1083
The goal of the current study was to determine the extent to which the perceived self-regulation deficits across behavioral,
cognitive, and emotional domains seen in children with ADHD explain the association between the severity of ADHD symptoms
and parenting stress. Participants for this study included 80 children (mean age = 10 years, 9 months) with a DSM-IV diagnosis
of ADHD confirmed by a comprehensive clinical diagnostic assessment. Parents reported their own stress levels as well as the
severity of their children’s ADHD symptoms, aggression, emotional lability, and executive functioning difficulties. Results
indicated that the severity of children’s hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms but not their inattention related to parenting
stress. Multiple mediational analyses indicated that the association between hyperactivity/impulsivity and parenting stress
was explained by children’s perceived comorbid aggression levels, emotional lability, and executive functioning difficulties.
No significant differences in the strength of the mediators were found. The current study provides initial data showing that
the perceived impairments in children’s self-regulation across emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains are what parents
report as stressful, not simply the severity of ADHD symptoms. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study and shared
variance from relying solely on parent report, it will be critical for future research to replicate our findings using longitudinal
and multi-informant data such as teacher reports and standardized assessments. 相似文献
826.
This study examined whether children’s biased self-perceptions of peer acceptance are associated in a linear or curvilinear
fashion with aggression, whether associations are moderated by peer rejection status, and whether associations apply uniquely
to reactive aggression. Children in the 4th through 7th grades completed a self-report measure on their social functioning
(SPPC; Harter 1982), and teachers reported on children’s social functioning and aggression. Self-perceptual bias was operationalized
as the standardized residual difference between children’s self-perceptions and their teachers’ perceptions of their peer
acceptance. Rejected status moderated associations between biased self-perceptions and reactive aggression. Among non-rejected
children, biased perceptions were not significantly associated with reactive aggression. In contrast, among peer-rejected
children, reactive aggression was elevated in those who greatly underestimated as well as in those who even modestly overestimated
their peer acceptance. This pattern was observed whether or not proactive aggression was statistically controlled. In contrast,
biased self-perceptions were not associated with proactive aggression for rejected or nonrejected children. Implications are
discussed with regard to future research and potential interventions for aggressive children. 相似文献
827.
Evidence suggests that parental marital discord contributes to the development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms
in children and adolescents. Few studies, however, have examined the association between parental marital discord and youth’s
response to treatment. The present study examined the impact of interparental discord on treatment response in a randomized
control trial of adolescents with major depression enrolled in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).
Participants were 260 adolescents from two-parent households randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: fluoxetine
(FLX), cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), their combination (COMB), or placebo (PBO). Logistic regressions revealed that parental
marital discord interacted with youth gender and co-morbid oppositionality symptoms to predict group differences in treatment
response. 相似文献
828.
Kam CM Greenberg MT Bierman KL Coie JD Dodge KA Foster ME Lochman JE McMahon RJ Pinderhughes EE;Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(3):365-377
This longitudinal study examined processes that mediate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and peer social
preference during the early school years. Three hundred and fifty six kindergarten children (182 boys) and their mothers participated
in the study. During kindergarten, mothers reported their level of depressive symptomatology. In first grade, teachers rated
children’s emotion regulation at school and observers rated the affective quality of mother-child interactions. During second
grade, children’s social preference was assessed by peer nomination. Results indicated that mothers’ level of depressive symptomatology
negatively predicted their child’s social preference 2 years later, controlling for the family SES and teacher-rated social
preference during kindergarten. Among European American families, the association between maternal depressive symptoms and
social preference was partially mediated by maternal warmth and the child’s emotion regulation. Although the relation between
maternal depressive symptoms and children peer preference was stronger among African American families than Europrean American
families, its mediation by the maternal warmth and child’s emotion regulation was not found in African American families. 相似文献
829.
Gerstein ED Pedersen Y Arbona A Crnic KA Ryu E Baker BL Blacher J 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(3):351-364
Children with early developmental delays are at heightened risk for behavior problems and comorbid psychopathology. This study
examined the trajectories of regulatory capabilities and their potentially mediating role in the development of behavior problems
for children with and without early developmental delays. A sample of 231 children comprised of 137 typically developing children
and 94 children with developmental delays were examined during mildly frustrating laboratory tasks across the preschool period
(ages 3–5). Results indicated that children with delays had greater use of maladaptive strategies (distraction, distress venting)
and lower use of adaptive strategies (constructive coping) than typically developing children. For both groups, strategies
had similar rates of growth across time; maladaptive strategies decreased and adaptive strategies increased. The intercept
of strategy use, but not the slope, was found to mediate the relation between developmental risk and externalizing behaviors.
Findings support that dysregulation, rather than the developmental risk, may be responsible for the high levels of comorbid
psychopathology. 相似文献
830.
In light of recent research highlighting the potential effects of children’s behavior on mothers’ mental health, the current
study examined 679 mothers and their adolescent children from a community-based sample to determine the effects of youth psychopathology
on maternal depression and levels of child-related stress in mothers’ lives. It was hypothesized that the number of past clinical
diagnoses in 15-year-old adolescents would predict the presence of maternal depression at youth age 15 and 5 years later,
as well as more episodes of maternal depression during the follow-up period. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that increased
levels of child-related stress in mothers’ lives would mediate these relationships. Regression analyses indicated that past
youth diagnoses do confer risk for the presence of current and future maternal depression, as well as more episodes of maternal
depression, and mediation analyses revealed that child-related acute and chronic stress were mediators of the relationship
between youth diagnoses and the presence of maternal depression at follow-up. Findings suggest that increased levels of child-related
objective stress in mothers’ lives are one mechanism by which children’s psychopathology affects mothers’ future risk for
depression. 相似文献