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811.
Disambiguating Information and Memory Resources in Children’s Processing of Italian Relative Clauses
We investigated the role of number agreement on verb and of animacy in the comprehension of subject and object relative clauses
in 51 monolingual Italian-speaking children, mean age 9:33, tested through a self-paced listening experiment with a final comprehension question. A digit span test and a listening span test were also administered to examine the role of memory in comprehension. Subject relative clauses were easier to comprehend
than object relative clauses; animacy of the relative clause head improved comprehension of object relative clauses; memory,
as measured by the digit span test, modulates comprehension of object relative clauses, both with animate and inanimate heads,
as shown in response accuracy. Although all children process number agreement morphology on the verb, only some perform a
correct reanalysis, as shown by the accuracy measures. We argue that number agreement disambiguation is particularly taxing
for children, as it provides a negative symptom in the sense of Fodor and Inoue (J Psycholinguist Res 29(1):25–36, 2000) and reanalysis requires them to hold two dependencies in memory. 相似文献
812.
The Relationship Between Phonological Memory,Phonological Sensitivity,and Incidental Word Learning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vijayachandra Ramachandra Lynne E. Hewitt Tim Brackenbury 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2011,40(2):93-109
This study investigated the cognitive abilities needed to succeed at incidental word learning, specifically by examining the
role of phonological memory and phonological sensitivity in novel word learning by 4-year-olds who were typically developing.
Forty 4-year-olds were administered a test of nonword repetition (to investigate phonological memory), rhyming and phoneme
alliteration tasks (to investigate phonological sensitivity), and an incidental word learning task (via a computer-based presentation
of a cartoon story). A multiple regression analysis revealed that nonword repetition scores did not contribute significantly
to incidental word learning. Phonological sensitivity scores were significant predictors of incidental word learning. These
findings provide support for a model of lexical acquisition in which phonological knowledge plays an important role. 相似文献
813.
Margaret H. Sibley William E. Pelham Brooke S. G. Molina Elizabeth M. Gnagy Daniel A. Waschbusch Aparajita Biswas Michael G. MacLean Dara E. Babinski Kathryn M. Karch 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(1):21-32
This study examined the association between childhood ADHD and juvenile delinquency by examining data from the Pittsburgh
ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS), a follow-up study of individuals diagnosed with ADHD in childhood (ages 5–12) and recontacted
in adolescence and young adulthood for yearly follow-up (age at first follow-up interview M = 17.26, SD = 3.17). Participants were 288 males with childhood ADHD and 209 demographically similar males without ADHD who were recruited
into the follow-up study. Delinquency information gathered yearly during the second through eighth follow-up provided a comprehensive
history of juvenile delinquency for all participants. Four childhood diagnostic groups [ADHD-only (N = 47), ADHD + ODD (N = 135), ADHD + CD (N = 106), and comparison (N = 209)] were used to examine group differences on delinquency outcomes. Analyses were conducted across three dimensions of
delinquency (i.e., severity, age of initiation, and variety). Individuals with childhood ADHD + CD displayed significantly
worse delinquency outcomes than the other three groups, across almost all indices of offending. When compared to comparison
participants, boys with ADHD-only and ADHD + ODD in childhood displayed earlier ages of delinquency initiation, a greater
variety of offending, and higher prevalence of severe delinquency. These findings suggest that although childhood ADHD + CD
creates the greatest risk for delinquency, boys with ADHD-only and ADHD + ODD also appear at a higher risk for later offending.
The patterns of offending that emerged from the PALS are discussed in the context of the relationship between ADHD, comorbidity,
and delinquency. 相似文献
814.
815.
Temperament was examined as a moderator of maternal parenting behaviors, including warmth, negativity, autonomy granting,
and guidance. Observations of parenting and questionnaire measures of temperament and adjustment were obtained from a community
sample (N = 214; ages 8–12). Trajectories of depression and anxiety were assessed across 3 years. The pattern of parenting as a predictor
of internalizing symptoms depended on temperament. Maternal negativity predicted increases in depression for children low
in fear. Effortful control moderated sensitivity to maternal negativity, autonomy granting, and guidance. Children low in
effortful control reported more symptoms in the presence of negative or poor-fitting parenting. The results support differential
responding, but also suggest that temperament may render children vulnerable for the development of problems regardless of
parenting. 相似文献
816.
Neumann A van Lier PA Frijns T Meeus W Koot HM 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(5):657-669
This study examined the role of the level and variability of happiness, anger, anxiety, and sadness in the development of
adolescent-reported anxiety disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, and aggressive behavior in 452 adolescents (250 male)
followed from age 13 to 14. Level and between-day variability of emotions were assessed through adolescent report at 3-month
intervals across a 1 year period. Level and variability of the four emotions contributed to changes in anxiety disorder and
depressive symptoms more consistently than to changes in aggressive behavior. All four emotions were predictive of changes
in internalizing problems, while anger played the most prominent role in the development of aggressive behavior. Variability
of emotions contributed to changes in anxiety disorder symptoms, while heightened levels of negative emotions and diminished
happiness contributed to changes in depression. Results suggested somewhat stronger effects of negative affect on aggressive
behavior for females than for males. Results underscore the role of emotion dysregulation in the development of psychopathology. 相似文献
817.
The dramatic increase in diagnostic rates of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents in the USA has led to an intense
interest in the phenomenology of the disorder. Here we present data from a newly-developed instrument to assess episodic mania-like
symptoms in youth in a large population-based sample (N = 5326) using parent- and self-report. We found that a substantial proportion of children screened positive for having episodes
of “going high” and were at an increased risk for morbidity and impairment. Using factor analysis, we identified that episodic
mania-like symptoms comprised two dimensions: An under-controlled dimension that was associated with significant impairment, and a low-risk exuberant dimension. Using latent class analysis, we identified a small group of children scoring high on a range of manic symptoms
and suffering from severe psychosocial impairment and morbidity. Our results carry implications for the nosology and psychosocial
impairment associated with episodic mood changes in young people. 相似文献
818.
Jian XQ Wang KS Wu TJ Hillhouse JJ Mullersman JE 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(6):773-782
Twin and family studies have shown that genetic factors play a role in the development of conduct disorder (CD). The purpose
of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with CD using a family-based association study. We used 4,720 single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Illumina Panel and 11,120 SNPs from the Affymetrix 10K GeneChips genotyped in 155
Caucasian nuclear families from Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 14, a subset from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics
of Alcoholism (COGA). 20 SNPs had suggestive associations with CD (p < 10−3), nine of which were located in known genes, including ADAM10 (rs383902, p = 0.00036) and CAMK2A (rs2053053, p = 0.00098). Our results were verified using the International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project (IMAGE) dataset. In conclusion,
we identified several loci associated with CD. Especially, the two genes (ADAM10 and CAMK2A) have been reported to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder and depression. These findings may serve
as a resource for replication in other populations. 相似文献
819.
Socially anxious feelings sharply increase during adolescence and such feelings have been associated with interpretive biases.
Studies in adults have shown that interpretive biases can be modified using Cognitive Bias Modification procedures (CBM-I)
and subsequent effects on anxiety have been observed. The current study was designed to examine whether the CBM-I procedure
has similar effects in adolescents. Unselected adolescents were randomly allocated to either a positive interpretation training
(n = 88) or a placebo-control condition (n = 82). Results revealed that the training was successful in modifying interpretations and effects generalized to a new task.
The interpretive bias effects were most pronounced in individuals with a threat-related interpretive bias at pre-test. No
effects on state anxiety were observed. The current findings are promising with regard to applying bias modification procedures
to adolescents, while further research is warranted regarding emotional effects. 相似文献
820.
Neumann C Wampler M Taylor J Blonigen DM Iacono WG 《Journal of research in personality》2011,45(2):145-152
The current study examined the longitudinal stability and invariance of psychopathic traits in a large community sample of male twins from ages 17 to 23. Participants were assessed across 6 years to gauge the stability and measurement invariance of the Minnesota Temperament Inventory (MTI), a Cleckley-based measure of psychopathic personality traits, and how family functioning and externalizing behavior were linked to these traits. A latent variable approach was used to model the structure of the MTI and provide a statistical test of measurement invariance across time. The results revealed support for invariance and moderate to strong stability of the MTI factors, which showed significant associations with the external correlates in late adolescence but not early adulthood. 相似文献