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991.
Decisions, both moral and mundane, about saving individuals or resources at risk are often influenced not only by numbers saved and lost, but also by proportions of groups saved and lost. Consider choosing between a program that saves 60 of 240 lives at risk and one that saves 50 of 100. The first option maximizes absolute number saved; the second, proportion saved. In two studies, we show that the influence of proportions on such decisions depends on how items at risk are mentally represented. In particular, we show that proportions have greater influence on people's decisions to the extent that the items at risk are construed as forming groups, as opposed to distinct individuals. Construal was manipulated by means of animated displays in which resources at risk moved either independently (promoting individual construal) or jointly (promoting group construal). Results support the hypothesis that (a) decision makers form mental representations which vary in the degree to which resources at risk are construed as groups versus individuals and (b) construal of resources as groups promotes the influence of proportions on decisions and moral judgments. 相似文献
992.
Corinne Crammer Chiewkwei Kaw Ted Gansler Kevin D. Stein 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(1):92-107
We examined associations between spiritual well-being and CAM use among 4,139 cancer survivors. We also explored the classification
of religious/spiritual practices (R/S) as CAMs and alternative subscale structures of the Functional Assessment of Chronic
Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well-being (FACIT-Sp). We evaluated three aspects of spirituality, Faith, Peace, and Meaning, and
use of 19 CAMs in 5 domains. Mind–body methods were subdivided into R/S and non-R/S. All FACIT-Sp factors were associated
with CAM use, but in different directions: Meaning and Faith were positively associated; Peace was negatively associated.
Peace was negatively associated with R/S CAMs, but not non-R/S CAMs. The prevalence of CAM use dropped from 79.3 to 64.8%
when R/S items were excluded. These findings confirm an association between spiritual well-being and CAM use, including some
non-R/S CAMs, and provide evidence of the benefits of using the three-factor FACIT-Sp solution and treating R/S CAMs as a
separate category. 相似文献
993.
Neal Krause 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(1):20-35
A growing body of research suggests that religion may exert a beneficial effect on both physical and mental health. Unfortunately,
the rapid growth of this literature has made it difficult to get a clear picture of what has been accomplished. This issue
is addressed by presenting a conceptual model that focuses on the needs that are satisfied by religion. In the process, an
effort is made to show how this conceptual scheme can be used to add greater coherence to the field. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
Cereste HX 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(3):527-542
A female physician who was serving as a first-year medicine resident in Manhattan in September 2001 writes this paper. It
details her experience of signing up for military service as a result of the September 11th attack on the United States. She
lays out the surroundings, atmosphere, and reactions of those around her during the attack and details her own personal motivations
for joining the military, her need to take control and help those in need heal while also trying to heal herself. Grateful,
yet haunted by her experience, she provides an intimate glimpse into her time serving as a combat physician at a trauma hospital
in Balad, Iraq during the 2007 military surge. A trained geriatrician and palliative care physician she recounts the stories
of several patients that have forever shaped her life and explores the contradictions and ethical challenges she faced while
caring for them ultimately struggling with the uncertainty of whether what she was truly doing was good for those she served
or herself. 相似文献
997.
998.
This paper investigates a generalized version of inquisitive semantics. A complete axiomatization of the associated logic is established, the connection with intuitionistic logic and several intermediate
logics is explored, and the generalized version of inquisitive semantics is argued to have certain advantages over the system
that was originally proposed by Groenendijk (2009) and Mascarenhas (2009). 相似文献
999.
1000.
David Makinson 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2011,40(2):121-153
We explore ways in which purely qualitative belief change in the AGM tradition throws light on options in the treatment of
conditional probability. First, by helping see why it can be useful to go beyond the ratio rule defining conditional from
one-place probability. Second, by clarifying what is at stake in different ways of doing that. Third, by suggesting novel
forms of conditional probability corresponding to familiar variants of qualitative belief change, and conversely. Likewise,
we explain how recent work on the qualitative part of probabilistic inference leads to a very broad class of ‘proto-probability’
functions. 相似文献