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951.
Two distinct analytic methods have been used to identify the function of problem behavior. The antecedent-behavior-consequence (ABC) method (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994) includes the delivery of consequences for problem behavior. The AB method (Carr & Durand, 1985) does not include consequence delivery, instead relying exclusively on antecedent conditions to evoke the behavior. The AB and ABC functional analysis methods were compared in this study with 4 children with developmental disabilities who engaged in task-related problem behavior. Results show that the ABC method identified an escape method for all four cases, whereas the AB method failed to identify a function for any case. 相似文献
952.
Antisocial behavior and substance misuse are forms of problem behavior demonstrating considerable continuity over time. Accordingly,
problem behavior influences interpersonal contexts across the life course, which may result in the replication of coercive
interactions and a problem behavior lifestyle within romantic relationships. Furthermore, theories of self-selection, and
associated research, suggest that individuals pick companions compatible with, and supportive of, their behavior, leading
to high levels of similarity between romantic partners and the potential reinforcement of problem behavior over time. However,
some research suggests that romantic relationships may play a positive role and facilitate desistance from problem behavior.
The purpose of this paper is to explore how antisocial behavior and substance use both influence and are influenced by romantic
relationships in late adolescence and early adulthood. We first review research regarding the extent of, and processes underlying,
partner similarity in problem behavior. Next, we examine how romantic relationships may promote the desistance of problem
behavior. Finally, we discuss possible moderators of the association between problem behavior and romantic relationships,
as well as limitations, intergenerational implications, and recommended future directions of the reviewed research. 相似文献
953.
Jack L. Seymour 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2007,10(3):167-169
Abstract. Assessing the impact of Wabash Center programs on theological education, this article focuses on the vocation of the theological educator, particularly on the impact of theological teaching on faith and on the institutions, values, and practices that shape living. Five contributions of the Wabash Center are highlighted: (1) guiding seminary faculty in the practices of teaching, (2) enhancing the teaching preparation of doctoral students for theological education, (3) linking effective teaching to the development of seminary curricula, (4) enlarging the literature on teaching in theological education, and (5) nurturing the vocation of seminary educators. 相似文献
954.
White C Wheatley D Konwisorz O Scialfa CT 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2007,14(5):487-504
Latencies (RT) and eye movement measures were used to examine the effects of age and contrast on the distractor-ratio effect (DRE) in visual search. Younger and older adults performed a contrast x orientation conjunction search task where the ratios of white to black distractors and luminance contrast levels were varied. The distractor-ratio manipulation had similar effects for older and younger adults on both RT and the number of fixations required to find the target. Both measures were largely independent of distractor ratio on target-present trials, while both RTs and the fixation number increased with the number of items sharing the target's contrast polarity on target-absent trials. A more detailed analysis of eye movements suggested that younger adults were a bit more adept at attending to the smaller set of distractors, which presumably facilitated both overt and covert search. Generalized slowing can account for the age differences in RT, but the fixation number data speak to another mechanism, perhaps increased cautiousness on the part of the elderly when signal strength is low. 相似文献
955.
956.
Analogue behavioral observation of structured parent-child interactions has often been used to obtain a standardized, unbiased measure of child noncompliance and parenting behavior. However, for assessment information to be clinically relevant, it is essential that the behavior observed be similar to that which the child normally experiences and elicits. Furthermore, assessment procedures should be socially appropriate and acceptable to participants in order to facilitate investment in the assessment, and potentially treatment, process. Although analogue tasks have been shown to have reasonable psychometric properties, the social validity of these methods has not been evaluated. This study examined the acceptability and representativeness of 4 widely utilized, laboratory-based parent-child interaction tasks in a sample of 43 nonreferred, 3- to 6-year old children and their mothers, who were of European-American or African-American ethnicity. Mothers rated the acceptability of each task and the degree to which it was representative of “typical” interactions occurring with the child. Repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed high levels of acceptability and representativeness for all tasks, but consistent differences across tasks. These ratings were predominantly stable over a 2-week period. Additionally, social validity ratings were significantly associated with parenting self-esteem, maternal ethnicity, child gender, and child age, but not child behavior problems. Limitations and implications of these findings for the assessment of parent-child interaction are discussed. 相似文献
957.
Adrian Thomas Jerry K. Palmer Jack M. Feldman 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(2):350-358
Much disagreement and confusion has surrounded the nature of the relationship between halo and performance rating accuracy. Traditionally, the relationship has been assumed to be linear ( Cooper, 1981 ), but Fisicaro (1988 ) proposed that the relationship between halo and performance rating accuracy is, instead, curvilinear. Using the halo index suggested by Balzer & Sulsky (1992 ), the results of the present study provided empirical evidence to support Fisicaro's proposal. Future research examining the relationship between halo and accuracy should consider the use of quadratic models, instead of linear ones. For the practitioner, this result implies that low rating dimension intercorrelations (negative halo) may lead to inaccuracy in ratings in much the same way as do high rating dimension intercorrelations (positive halo). 相似文献
958.
Richard S. Balkin Lewis Z. Schlosser Dana Heller Levitt 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2009,87(4):420-427
In this article, the authors present the results from a national study investigating the relationships between religious identity, sexism, homophobia, and multicultural competence. Participants were 111 randomly sampled counseling professionals and graduate students. The results indicated a relationship between religious identity and various aspects of valuing cultural diversity, including sexism, homophobia, and multicultural competence. Implications of the role of religion and religious identity in counseling are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided. 相似文献
959.
Dana Samson 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2009,3(1):3-16
When trying to make sense of other people's behaviour we usually invoke their mental states, such as their intentions, beliefs or emotions. This mind reading ability has been traditionally investigated in developmental psychology and comparative psychology but is now receiving increasing attention from the cognitive neurosciences. I will show the important role that neuropsychology plays in unravelling the cognitive and neural basis of our mind reading abilities. I will illustrate this by showing how cases of adults with acquired brain lesions can help us tease apart the different mechanisms that underlie mind reading abilities and can help us understand the nature of these mechanisms, especially their relation to language and executive function. 相似文献
960.
Perry N. Halkitis Jacqueline S. Mattis Joel K. Sahadath Dana Massie Lina Ladyzhenskaya Kimberly Pitrelli Meredith Bonacci Sheri-Ann E. Cowie 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(4):250-262
The present study employed a mixed method approach in the effort to explore religious and spiritual practices among lesbian,
gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, as well as the meanings ascribed to the terms religiosity and spirituality
by LGBT adults. Data were collected via a cross-sectional survey consisting of open- and close-ended items among 498 LGBT
(lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) identified individuals attending an annual Pride event in a large northeastern city.
Both quantitative and qualitative findings suggested that consistent with other studies, spirituality was defined largely
in relational terms (e.g., in terms of one’s relationship with God and with self). Religion, in contrast, was defined largely
in terms of communal worship and in terms of its negative influences in the lives of individuals and communities. For this
sample of LGBT persons, spiritual identities were more pronounced than religious ones, and this pattern may be explained by
their understanding of the spiritual self in relation to prosocial engagement and interconnectedness with others, the world
around them, and the universe. Further, religious affiliation and practices were explained, in part, by the religion in which
the individual was raised, level of educational attainment, as well as the developmental stage in which the person is currently
situated. The findings highlight the reality that a substantial number of LGBT individuals may remain committed to religious
and spiritual life, which may be related to a motivation to make sense of one’s place in the world especially in light of
societal misunderstandings and intolerance to LGBT individuals. 相似文献