全真女冠与元代社会

元代社会道德观念的限制使得妇女的宗教活动更多地需要女性宗教师,而全真女冠们禁欲苦修的信条又契合元代社会道德观念对守节妇女的要求,得到了上层社会的广泛支持,从而形成了继唐代女冠热后又一个女性信仰道教的热潮。在这场热潮中虽然很多全真女冠表现出了封建社会女性难得的独立意识和平等精神。但是,在男女不平等的封建社会大环境下,即使在标榜平等的全真教内,她们也很难获取真正的平等。     

上清派炼养术的藏象学说内涵探讨

上清派是道教的一个重要流派,形成于魏晋时期,创始人相传为西晋女道士魏华存。该派以《上清经》、《黄庭经》、《真诰》等道书为主要经典,以存思、守神、行气、服食为主要修炼手段,对道学及中医学都有着深远的影响。魏晋时     

新闻工作中的"是"与"应当"问题

伦理学的核心问题是是与应当的问题,特别是应当的问题。在新闻工作中,应当的问题表现为应当如何选择新闻题材,应当如何报道新闻事实以及如何处理新闻报道中的各种应当之冲突的问题,而最根本的就是如何树立正确的社会价值观的问题。     

中国道路与社会主义核心价值体系

新中国成立六十多年特别是改革开放三十多年来,社会主义革命、建设和改革取得巨大成就的关键在于开创了一条既坚持科学社会主义的基本原则,又根据我国实际和时代特征赋予其鲜明的中国特色的"中国道路".社会主义核心价值体系正是在"中国道路"不断探索、发展和完善的过程中形成的,体现了中国特色社会主义道路的本质要求,在思想和实践中引领了"中国道路"的发展.     

传统德性资源与现代公民德性的培养

亚里士多德指出,德性是那些值得称赞的品质,人的德性就是既使得一个人好又使得他出色地完成他的活动的品质。我们认为,公民德性是指公民为了实现人的价值、追求幸福生活和实现社会的善,正确行使一国宪法规定的基本权利和履行宪法规定的基本义务而应具备的优秀品质和能力,这些品质和能力体现在道德、理智和实践三个方面。中国传统文化中蕴含着丰富的德性资源,这些德性资源对今天的公民道德建设和公民德性培养具有重大的理论和实践价值。     

Cognitive dysfunction in depression: neurocircuitry and new therapeutic strategies

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disabling medical condition associated with significant morbidity, mortality and public health costs. However, neurocircuitry abnormalities underlying depression remain incompletely understood and consequently current treatment options are unfortunately limited in efficacy. Recent research has begun to focus specifically on cognitive aspects of depression and potential neurobiological correlates. Two fundamental types of cognitive dysfunction observed in MDD are cognitive biases, which include distorted information processing or attentional allocation toward negative stimuli, and cognitive deficits, which include impairments in attention, short-term memory and executive functioning. In this article, we present a selective review of current research findings in these domains and examine neuroimaging research that is beginning to characterize the neurocircuitry underlying these biases and deficits. We propose that deficient cognitive functioning, attention biases and the sustained negative affect characteristic of MDD can be understood as arising in part from dysfunctional prefrontal-subcortical circuitry and related disturbances in the cognitive control of emotion. Finally, we highlight potential new pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies for MDD based on an evolving mechanistic understanding of the disorder.     

Ursolic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits in mouse brain through suppressing p38/NF-κB mediated inflammatory pathways

Evidence indicates that systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces brain inflammation, ultimately resulting in cognitive deficits. Ursolic acid (UA), a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, is well known to possess multiple biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we assessed the protective effect of UA against the LPS-induced cognitive deficits in mice. We found that UA significantly improved cognitive deficits of LPS-treated mice in open field, step-through passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. One potential mechanism of this action was attributed to the decreased production of pro-inflammatory markers including COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6 in LPS-treated mouse brain. Mechanistically, UA markedly inhibited LPS-induced IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and p38 activation in mouse brain, but did not affect the activation of TLR4, MyD88, ERK, JNK and Akt. Taken together, these results suggest that UA may be useful for mitigating inflammation-associated brain disorders by inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors production, at least in part, through blocking the p38/NF-κB signaling pathways.     

Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.     

The art and science of guessing

This research examined how one affectively reacts to others' guesses at a value one cares about, such as one's income. Conventional wisdom suggests that people will feel happier upon receiving more favorable guesses (e.g., higher income) than less favorable guesses. We found the opposite pattern. We propose a model to explain the effect and identify its boundaries and report experimental evidence for the model. This research enriches existing literature on self-enhancement and yields practical implications for how to approach guessing in interpersonal communications.