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Despite impressive advances in recent years with respect to theory and research, personality psychology has yet to articulate clearly a comprehensive framework for understanding the whole person. In an effort to achieve that aim, the current article draws on the most promising empirical and theoretical trends in personality psychology today to articulate 5 big principles for an integrative science of the whole person. Personality is conceived as (a) an individual's unique variation on the general evolutionary design for human nature, expressed as a developing pattern of (b) dispositional traits, (c) characteristic adaptations, and (d) self-defining life narratives, complexly and differentially situated (e) in culture and social context. The 5 principles suggest a framework for integrating the Big Five model of personality traits with those self-defining features of psychological individuality constructed in response to situated social tasks and the human need to make meaning in culture. 相似文献
243.
Alcoholism, or alcohol dependence, is a complex disorder with withdrawal symptoms that are often problematic for those trying to recover from their dependence. As researchers attempt to elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of alcohol dependence and withdrawal, it is becoming clear that numerous factors, including the hormonal environment, impact the manifestations of this disorder. Of particular interest is the observation that women have fewer and less severe withdrawal symptoms than do men even though they tend to suffer greater physiological harm from excessive alcohol consumption. In this article, the authors present an overview of their understanding of how gonadal and stress hormones interact with alcohol, which results in differential neurobiological responses between males and females. Thus far, data generated from representative animal models have shown significant differences between the sexes in behavioral responses and neuroadaptations to chronic alcohol consumption and withdrawal. Accumulating evidence suggests that treatment of alcoholism, including withdrawal, should be tailored to the patient's gender and hormonal status. 相似文献
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Stein DJ 《CNS spectrums》2005,10(12):930-934
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Jim Paul Dan L. Costley Jon P. Howell Peter W. Dorfman David Trafimow 《Journal of applied social psychology》2001,31(9):1821-1842
Shamir, House, and Arthur (1993) suggested that the effects of charismatic leadership on followers' motivation are mediated by the increased salience of collective identities in followers' self-concepts. This study empirically examines the effects of leadership messages on followers' self-concept accessibilities. Charismatic and integrative (combined charismatic and individualized consideration) leadership increased the accessibility of followers' collective self-concepts. Individualized consideration increased the accessibility of followers' private self-concepts. These results support the propositions of the self-concept-based theory of charismatic leadership. Charismatic and integrative leadership messages from a leader resulted in higher follower collective self-concept accessibilities than did routinized messages. This finding underscores the importance of a charismatic leader, even when charismatic messages have become routinized. 相似文献
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Attribution of beliefs by 13-month-old infants 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In two experiments, we investigated whether 13-month-old infants expect agents to behave in a way that is consistent with information to which they have been exposed. Infants watched animations in which an animal was either provided information or prevented from gathering information about the actual location of an object. The animal then searched successfully or failed to retrieve the object. Infants' looking times suggest that they expected searches to be effective when--and only when--the agent had had access to the relevant information. This result supports the view that infants possess an incipient metarepresentational ability that permits them to attribute beliefs to agents. We discuss the viability of more conservative explanations and the relation between this early ability and later forms of theory of mind that appear only after children have become experienced verbal communicators. 相似文献
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余丹 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(1):23-23,26
中国艾滋病立法始于1987年,其标志性法规性文件就是《艾滋病监测管理的若干规定》,这也是中国第一部关于艾滋病的法规性文件.中国艾滋病立法虽然已有了19年的历史,但至今中国仍没有专门的、系统的、权威的艾滋病法规,大多数法律或法规性内容都是分散在其他的法律、法规或规章中,现有的法律法规体系残缺不全.2006年1月29日,国务院总理温家宝签署第457号国务院令,公布了《艾滋病防治条例》,该条例于2006年3月1日起施行.该条例明确了政府和个人艾滋病防治的权利与义务,应该是中国目前最专门、最系统、最权威的艾滋病法规.但如何保护艾滋病患者的隐私权,该条例并未充分说明,因此有必要予以探讨和研究. 相似文献