The Influence of Income Level and Ethnicity on Coping Strategies

The Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) by S. Folkman and R. S. Lazarus (1988) has been used widely; however, few studies have evaluated this assessment tool in research concerning populations from different income levels and ethnic backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to compare the endorsement of the 8 coping strategies as outlined by Folkman and Lazarus's original research with Caucasian, middle class participants to the endorsement of coping approaches in a low income, primary care sample. Results suggest that low income individuals report utilizing greater rates of coping strategies overall and specifically employ emotion-focused coping strategies more than Folkman and Lazarus's original sample. Ethnic differences within the present study's low income sample were also examined and suggest that even within this low income sample, African Americans use certain emotion-focused coping strategies significantly more than Caucasian participants.     

Panic disorder: the psychobiology of external treat and introceptive distress

Panic disorder seems to be mediated by the neuronal circuitry and neurochemical systems that have evolved to respond to external threatening stimuli. Distant threats activate prefrontal cortex (involved in complex planning of avoidance strategies), while immediate threats activate midbrain structures (involved in fast reflexive behaviors). Panic disorder may, however, also involve more specific interoceptive mechanisms. For example, the association between respiratory dysfunction and panic disorder has bolstered a false suffocation alarm hypothesis. Genetic and environmental contributors to panic disorder are beginning to be delineated. Effective pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are able to normalize the relevant psychobiology.     

网络游戏过度使用者的注意偏向及其ERP特征

网络成瘾与吸烟、饮酒等物质成瘾具有许多相似性,因此也可能存在类似的认知偏向和神经机制。本研究采用事件相关电位技术,通过点探测范式研究网络游戏过度使用者的注意偏向问题。结果显示：（1）与一般使用者相比,网络游戏过度使用者存在明显的注意偏向;（2）游戏图片对网络游戏过度使用者诱发的P2的振幅小于一般使用者;（3）网络游戏过度使用者对游戏图片位置上出现的探测点的加工（P1）较早。结果提示,网络游戏过度使用者的注意偏向存在特定的脑电模式。     

艾滋病预防性疫苗的研制——转向是岸

对20多年来国际艾滋病疫苗研制失败的关键原因和另辟蹊径进行剖析和探讨.抗原天然构象的缺失导致疫苗无效;特异性免疫系统受HIV侵害无力免疫导致疫苗失效;HIV高度变异、众多分株,寄望研制一种广谱的疫苗不可能,预防免疫难以实施、有效;HIV不适宜制备预防性疫苗,只有调转方向才能走出迷惘,并推出了颠覆传统理论思维的两个防、治疫苗的发明设计.     

进食障碍发病机制的研究进展与思考

进食障碍是一组典型而严重的心身疾病。随着现代医学模式的转变,生物-心理-社会因素对进食障碍的影响日益受到关注。本文拟从生物学、心理学、社会学因素方面,综述近年来国内外对进食障碍发病机制的最新研究,并结合哲学相关理论对进食障碍发病机制的研究进行探讨分析。     

The crucial roles of stimulus matching and stimulus identity in negative priming

Negative priming refers to the situation in which an ignored item on an initial prime trial suffers slowed responding when it becomes the target item on a subsequent probe trial. In this experiment (and a replication), we demonstrate two ways in which stimulus consistency (matching) governs negative priming. First, negative priming for identical words occurred only when the prime distractor changed color when it became the probe target (i.e., constant cue to read the red word); negative priming disappeared when the prime distractor retained its color as the probe target (i.e., cue switches from read the red prime word to read the white probe word). Second, negative priming occurred for identical words, but not for semantically related words, whether related categorically or associatively. This pattern of results is consistent with a memory retrieval account, but not with an inhibition account of negative priming, and casts doubt on whether there is semantic negative priming for words.     

What does "being American" mean? A comparison of Asian American and European American young adults

Two studies found that the meaning of "being American" differs for Asian Americans and European Americans. In Study 1, Hmong and European American undergraduates described what "being American" meant to them. In Study 2, Chinese American and European American undergraduates described what "American culture" meant to them. Responses were coded for references to cultural exposure, customs/traditional behavior, ethnic diversity, political ideology, and patriotism. Across both studies, Asian Americans referred to American customs and traditional behavior more than European Americans. European Americans referred to patriotism more than Hmong (in Study 1) and to ethnic diversity more than Chinese Americans (in Study 2). The authors suggest that these differences reflect the distinct statuses, concerns, and experiences of Asian Americans and European Americans.