核心自我评价的代际传递：父母支持和子女基本心理需要满足的链式中介作用

采取整群抽样的方式对407户初中生家庭进行调查,探讨父母支持和子女基本心理需要满足在核心自我评价代际传递过程中的链式中介作用。结果表明：（1）核心自我评价在父母与其初中生子女之间存在代际传递效应;（2）父母支持和子女基本心理需要满足在核心自我评价的代际传递中起链式中介作用;（3）核心自我评价的代际传递效应不存在显著的亲代性别、子代性别、亲子性别差异。研究结果有助于理解核心自我评价的代际传递过程。     

Efficacy Beliefs in Coach–Athlete Dyads: Prospective Relationships Using Actor–Partner Interdependence Models

The overall purpose of the study was to investigate prospective actor and partner effects (cf. Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006 ) of interpersonal efficacy beliefs in relation to relationship commitment, satisfaction, and effort within coach–athlete dyads. Fifty youth tennis players (mean age = 15.52 years, SD = 1.45) and their coaches (mean age = 40.17 years, SD = 13.71) provided data related to their self‐efficacy, other‐efficacy, and relation‐inferred self‐efficacy (RISE) beliefs mid‐way through the competitive season. Three months later, participants provided data regarding personal effort, as well as relationship commitment and satisfaction. Actor–partner interdependence model analyses revealed positive actor effects for self‐efficacy in relation to effort, and for other‐efficacy in relation to commitment, effort, and satisfaction. Partner effects for other‐efficacy were found in relation to relationship commitment and effort. Finally, actor and partner effects were also evident for RISE beliefs; however, these relationships were moderated by the individual's role (i.e. athlete or coach), such that the direction of actor and partner effects differed for athletes and coaches. Implications for fostering effective coach–athlete relationships are discussed. Cette recherche avait pour objectif général l’étude des retombées éventuelles sur l’acteur et son partenaire (Cf.: Kenny, Kashy & Cook, 2006 ) des croyances en l’efficience interpersonnelle en relation avec l’implication, la satisfaction et l’effort au sein de la dyade entraîneur‐athlète. Cinquante jeunes joueurs de tennis (âge moyen = 15,52; σ= 1,45) et leurs entraîneurs (âge moyen = 40,17; σ= 13,71) ont fourni des données relatives à leurs représentations concernant l’auto‐efficience, l’efficience d’autrui et l’auto‐efficience émanant de la relation (RISE), cela au milieu de la période des compétitions. Trois mois plus tard, les sujets ont donné des informations se rapportant à leur effort personnel, leur implication relationnelle et leur satisfaction. Les analyses relevant du modèle de l’interdépendance acteur‐partenaire ont révélé des conséquences positives pour l’acteur en ce qui concerne l’auto‐efficience en relation avec l’effort et l’efficience d’autrui en relation avec l’implication, l’effort et la satisfaction. Les effets du partenaire pour l’efficacité d’autrui étaient en relation avec l’effort et l’implication relationnelle. Finalement, les effets du partenaire et de l’acteur apparaissaient également pour les croyances RISE; ces relations étaient toutefois modulées par les rôles individuels (athlète ou entraîneur), de telle sorte que le sens des effets acteur‐partenaire différait pour les athlètes et les entraîneurs. On réfléchit aux applications permettant d’améliorer l’efficacité des relations athlète‐entraîneur.     

Perceptions of absolute versus relative differences between personal and comparison health risk.

OBJECTIVE: To explain inconsistent results in previous attempts to determine whether, when presented with health risk information, people focus primarily on information about their own risk status or on a comparison with others. DESIGN: A randomized between-groups experiment in which participants were presented with hypothetical cardiac risk information. We examined whether affective responses were primarily sensitive to the relative difference between personal and comparison risk, rather than the absolute difference. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants' negative affective response to the risk information. RESULTS: When relative differences were held constant, participants' responses were independently influenced by both personal risk and comparative standing, effects that were greatly attenuated when absolute differences were held constant. When maintaining constant absolute differences, personal and comparison risk information appeared to interact. CONCLUSION: Previous studies tended to maintain constant absolute risk differences and so may have underestimated the impact of personal risk information. Participants' responses were sensitive to the way the risk difference was constructed. Basing experimental design decisions on assumptions about the information participants will respond to can lead to misinterpretations of the basis of risk judgments.     

新时期理想信念教育的思考

当前我国社会正处于由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转换,由单一利益主体向多元利益主体的转变过程之中,这些全面而深刻的转变,在人们心灵深处产生了激荡和冲突。复杂的社会现实引发各种思想倾向,一些唯心论、有神论、各种封建迷信趁机得以蔓延,使一些人理想信念发生动摇,出现信仰危机,迷失了前进的方向,甚至腐化堕落成人民