加减法心算老化研究

以223名60～85岁老年人及30名大学生作为被试,对加减心算能力的老化过程进行研究。任务为加减法及加减法的组合,包括有：单加、单减、先加后减、先减后加、连加及连减。结果表明,年龄与心算类型存在明显的交互作用。单加及单减两种最基本的心算能力对其它类型心算成绩的作用,在不同年龄段表现不同：对于大学生,单加起主要影响作用,而对于老年人,单减起主要影响作用。     

关于自身记忆信念的年龄差异

记忆老化信念是元记忆研究的一个重要研究领域。本研究测量了94名老年人,38名年轻人记忆老化信念中关于自身记忆信念。结果发现,各年龄组间在对特定情境记忆能力信念上有差异,60～64岁、65～69岁年龄组被试对特定情境记忆能力评价最高,而70岁以上老年人与年轻组被试对特定情境上记忆能力评分无差异;年轻人对记忆的控制感要低于各组老年人;研究并没有发现被试在一般记忆能力信念上的年龄差异。     

2岁幼儿移情反应的特点:与自发帮助、气质、亲子互动的关系

1引言 在儿童早期的社会发展中,社会情绪及其相应的社会行为发展最为关键。由社会动因驱使的人际互动行为,如爱抚、安全、舒适等需要的满足将导致社会情绪状态的重组和发展。在诸多的社会情绪中,移情能力的发展对于幼儿来说尤为重要。移情是对另一个人产生同感的情感反应（Hoffman,2003）,它是一种复杂的情绪沟通能力,是在条件反射基础上,在人际互动过程中,通过模仿、强化逐渐形成的。     

初中学生道德推理、移情反应、亲社会行为及其相互关系的比较研究

抽取上海市初中三个年级217名学生为被试,通过对道德判断推理能力、移情反应、亲社会行为的测量和问卷调查,考察初中阶段学生在这三个方面的发展规律,以及三者之间的相互关系。结果显示：道德判断推理与亲社会行为、与移情能力之问没有显著相关;移情能力中的个别指标与亲社会行为之间相关显著;在移情反应、亲社会行为水平、以及助人动机、帮助方式等方面均存在显著的性别差异;故事呈现方式不同会对故事与自己相关程度产生影响。     

Verb subcategorization frequencies: American English corpus data,methodological studies,and cross-corpus comparisons

Verb subcategorization frequencies (verb biases) have been widely studied in psycholinguistics and play an important role in human sentence processing. Yet available resources on subcategorization frequencies suffer from limited coverage, limited ecological validity, and divergent coding criteria. Prior estimates of verb transitivity, for example, vary widely with corpus size, coverage, and coding criteria. This article provides norming data for 281 verbs of interest to psycholinguistic research, sampled from a corpus of American English, along with a detailed coding manual. We examine the effect on transitivity bias of various coding decisions and methods of computing verb biases.     

Women accused of sex offenses: a gender-based comparison

Sexual offenses committed by women are likely underestimated and under-reported. This exploratory study compares and contrasts women accused of sexual offenses and their male counterparts. Data were retrospectively compiled on all alleged female and age-matched male sex offenders who were referred for psychiatric evaluation to a large Midwestern city's court psychiatric clinic over a six-year period. Data were abstracted regarding their crimes, charges, demographics, social history, medical history, legal history, violence history, substance use, sexual history, psychiatric history and their victims. Like the men, women were most frequently referred for sexual predator classification evaluations. Ages ranged from 19 to 62 years, and the majority had children. Most had prior arrests. One-third had a past history of psychiatric hospitalization, and most were given a non-paraphilic psychiatric diagnosis. The majority of the women reported past histories of sexual or physical victimization. While there were many similarities between female and male sex offenders in this psychiatric sample, women more frequently had victims of both genders.     

大学生生命认知和生命价值取向的发展特点

在生命教育的社会背景下,以上海四所高校的一年级和三年级的812名在校本科生为研究对象,运用造句和模拟遗书等投射方式,并结合小组访谈等形式,旨在测查大学生对生命过程与死亡现象的认知特征,及对生命意义的价值取向,以此探究当代大学生的生命认知和生命价值取向的发展特点。结果发现：（1）当代大学生对生命的认知以表达态度为主,具有积极向上、珍爱生命的特点;而在对死亡的认知上,则主要采用本质认知的方式进行表述,以中性、概括、简洁为主要特点;（2）总体来看,女生比男生对生命过程和死亡现象的认知更为积极,体悟更深;（3）在生命价值取向方面,当大学生更多地表现出关顾他人的价值取向,并伴有强烈的家庭责任意识。