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321.
H. A. Osser P. F. Ostwald B. MacWhinney R. L. Casey 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1973,2(1):9-19
This is a psycholinguistic study of glossolalia produced by four speakers in an experimental setting. Acoustical patterns (signal waveform, fundamental frequency, and amplitude changes) were compared. The frequency of occurrence of vowels and consonants was computed for the glossolalic samples and compared with General American English. The results showed that three of the four speakers had substantially higher vowel-to-consonant ratios than are found in English speech. Phonology, morphology, and syntax of the four glossolalic productions were analyzed. This revealed two distinct forms of glossolalia. One form, which we called formulaic tends towards stereotypy and repetitiousness. The second form, which we called innovative shows more novelty and unpredictability in the chaining of speech-like elements. These contrastive forms of glossolalia may relate to dimensions of linguistic creativity. Precise correlates with personality patterns, educational backgrounds, psychopathology, and other sociolinguistic variables remain to be employed. 相似文献
322.
323.
K. Casey Cole Deb VanTilburg Angela Burch-Vernon David C. Riccio 《Learning and motivation》1996,27(4):362-374
Three experiments were conducted to examine the role of novel contextual stimuli in producing the unconditioned stimulus (US) preexposure effect. Experiment 1 demonstrated that novel contextual stimuli produce a significantly stronger US preexposure effect than familiar or “latently inhibited” contextual stimuli. Moreover, subjects preexposed in the presence of latently inhibited contextual cues failed to show a significant US preexposure effect. Experiments 2 and 3 attempted to provide evidence that the addition of a single novel stimulus to the latently inhibited context would result in a significantly stronger US preexposure effect than when no such novel cue was present. Experiment 3 was able to demonstrate this effect. Results are consistent with the Rescorla–Wagner (1972) model of conditioning. 相似文献
324.
K. Ann Coleman Johanna T. Dwyer Virginia A. Casey 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1994,13(3):233-240
The ability of middle-aged adults to recall their body size and events occurring up to 40 years earlier was assessed. Ninety-one
subjects recalled their relative height, weight, and fatness during childhood, early adolescence and late adolescence. Accuracy
of these memories was compared with the accuracy of current reports. The ability to accurately date benchmarks of their maturation
such as menarche and year of maximal growth in height was also examined. Accuracy of reports did not decline uniformly over
time. In general, reports of childhood physical characteristics were at least as accurate as reports of current characteristics;
that is, they did not differ significantly from current reports. Males were less accurate in their reports of relative height
and fatness during early adolescence and childhood.
This project has been funded at least in part with federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service under contract number 53-3K06-5-10. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views or policies
of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement
by the U.S. Government. 相似文献
325.
326.
Kathryn J. Casey Jessica L. Hagaman Alexandra L. Trout Robert Reid Beth Chmelka Ronald W. Thompson Daniel L. Daly 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(6):909-927
Little is known about the characteristics or functioning of children with ADHD in residential care as compared to their non-ADHD
peers. This study evaluated data on 538 children with (n = 125) and without (n = 413) ADHD in residential care to determine demographic, mental health, behavioral, and treatment (i.e., medication use)
characteristics. Results revealed that both groups presented elevated risks, however, scores for children with ADHD indicated
even greater levels of need. Specifically, differences were found between the two groups on demographics (e.g., family reunification
status, restrictiveness of prior out-of-home placements), behavior (e.g., attention problems, rule-breaking and aggressive
behaviors) and medication status. Findings suggest there is a need for aftercare services to help support families as children
transition from care, interventions to address behavior, and medication management through assessment and monitoring. 相似文献
327.
The importance of optimal visual function in demanding interceptive tasks is far from established. The aim of the study was to determine whether induced myopic blur and hence sub-optimal visual function would give rise to a detrimental effect on performance in the execution of an interceptive task. The batting performance of grade level cricket players was assessed facing a bowling machine whilst wearing contact lenses of four different refractive conditions (plano (nil), +1.00, +2.00 and +3.00D over-refraction), inducing increasing amounts of myopic blur. Performance for each condition was assessed based both on the shot quality against each delivery judged by a qualified cricket coach blind to each condition, along with an evaluation of the quality of ball-bat contact for each delivery. No significant change was found in batting performance with the introduction of +1.00 and +2.00D of induced myopic blur. A +3.00D over-correction was required before any significant decrease in batting performance was detected, demonstrating that batters needed to be essentially legally blind (as simulated through the use of the +3.00D over-refraction) before there was any significant measurable decrement in batting performance. We concluded that optimal visual correction is not necessarily required for optimal performance in a demanding interceptive task, and that the human perceptual-motor system is capable of compensating for marked alterations in input. 相似文献
328.
Swanson JM Kinsbourne M Nigg J Lanphear B Stefanatos GA Volkow N Taylor E Casey BJ Castellanos FX Wadhwa PD 《Neuropsychology review》2007,17(1):39-59
Multiple theories of Attention-Deficit/Hyper- activity Disorder (ADHD) have been proposed, but one that has stood the test
of time is the dopamine deficit theory. We review the narrow literature from recent brain imaging and molecular genetic studies
that has improved our understanding of the role of dopamine in manifestation of symptoms of ADHD, performance deficits on
neuropsychological tasks, and response to stimulant medication that constitutes the most common treatment of this disorder.
First, we consider evidence of the presence of dopamine deficits based on the recent literature that (1) confirms abnormalities in dopamine-modulated frontal-striatal circuits, reflected
by size (smaller-than-average components) and function (hypoactivation); (2) clarifies the agonist effects of stimulant medication
on dopaminergic mechanisms at the synaptic and circuit level of analysis; and (3) challenges the most-widely accepted ADHD-related
neural abnormality in the dopamine system (higher-than-normal dopamine transporter [DAT] density). Second, we discuss possible
genetic etiologies of dopamine deficits based on recent molecular genetic literature, including (1) multiple replications that confirm the association of ADHD with
candidate genes related to the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and the DAT; (2) replication of differences in performance of neuropsychological
tasks as a function of the DRD4 genotype; and (3) multiple genome-wide linkage scans that demonstrate the limitations of this
method when applied to complex disorders but implicate additional genes that may contribute to the genetic basis of ADHD.
Third, we review possible environmental etiologies of dopamine deficits based on recent studies of (1) toxic substances that may affect the dopamine system in early development and contribute substantially
to the etiology of ADHD; (2) fetal adaptations in dopamine systems in response to stress that may alter early development
with lasting effects, as proposed by the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis; and (3) gene-environment
interactions that may moderate selective damage or adaptation of dopamine neurons. Based on these reviews, we identify critical
issues about etiologic subtypes of ADHD that may involve dopamine, discuss methods that could be used to address these issues,
and review old and new theories that may direct research in this area in the future. 相似文献
329.
The purpose of this study was to produce a typology of behavior problems in preschool children. Distinct subtypes were identified through the use of cluster analytic techniques on data from the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC)-Parent Rating Scales. Analyses were based on archival data collected on a sample of 268 children, aged 2 to 5 years, who were referred to determine their suitability for a day treatment program. Five distinct and reliable subtypes of preschool children's behavior problems emerged. Ratings of adaptive and social skills based on the BASC Adaptive Scales and measures from the Parenting Stress Index served as external variables to assess the distinctiveness of the derived subtypes. The findings provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the subtypes identified in this study that are consistent with the findings of previous subtyping investigations focusing on school-aged children. 相似文献
330.
Damien Riggs 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2007,1(1):39-52
Queer theory is increasingly making an impact on the discipline of psychology in the UK and elsewhere, both in the form of those who explicitly use queer theory, and those who exhibit a queer sensibility. Yet, it has been suggested, queer theorising more broadly has largely neglected to account for its racial politics, an issue that holds ongoing relevance for its application across disciplines. In this paper, I outline six key areas requiring further attention in regards to the growing use of queer theory within psychology: (i) a greater recognition of the histories on which queer theory builds, (ii) an understanding of how racial hierarchies shape accounts of individualism and universalism, (iii) a continued focus on the operations of a racialised queer desire, (iv) an investigation of the implication of critiques of essentialism, (v) ongoing explorations of language use within queer theorising, and (vi) greater acknowledgement of tensions within queer community building. These six points provide new avenues of consideration for those already in the field, and will encourage those new to the field to explore its unnamed assumptions. 相似文献