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31.
Maurice J. Elias James H. Dalton Robert Franco George W. Howe 《American journal of community psychology》1986,14(1):113-118
The ecological principle of interdependence has been a guiding theme in our research and conceptualization. For the development of community psychology, academic and applied interest and networks must be integrated in ways which value the views and resources of both groups. This is the focus of Kelly's (1984) remarks. The dynamic interplay of ideas, data, and practices is likely to facilitate the collaboration between researchers and setting inhabitants which Trickett (1984) describes as the distinctive quality of community psychology. Common pathways of information exchange, joint responsibility for training future members of the field, and mutually enhancing role relationships are needed. Current channels of communication provide little ease of access or incentives for participation by psychologists in nonacademic settings. It thus becomes the reponsibility of all concerned community psychologists to use their organizational skills to redress this harmful imbalance (Kelly, 1984). For this to occur, however, we must take the initial steps of frankly recognizing differences in our folkways and organizational constraints, while also emphasizing our common values and assets. The largest threat to the field is external constraints from university and clinical service settings on the work that represents community psychology (Elias et al., 1984). If we are dividedor uninformed in the face of these environmental presses, we will never create the adaptive niche that community psychology needs to survive. 相似文献
32.
Donna Dalton Hummel 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1982,11(5):465-483
The verbal interactions of 16 fathers and 16 mothers with their 2-year-olds were assessed during free play. On the basis of the amount of time the father spent with his child weekly, fathers were divided into two groups, those spending a high proportion of time and those spending a low proportion of time. Each parent's speech was coded for a number of syntactic and conversational features. No differences were found between fathers and mothers in the use of these features. Furthermore, the results suggest that the amount of time fathers spend with their children does not dramatically affect the syntactic or conversational features of their speech, since the two groups of fathers did not differ for these features.This research was based on a dissertation submitted to the Pennsylvania State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. 相似文献
33.
Saz P. Ahmed Sara Hodsoll Polly Dalton Catherine L. Sebastian 《Cognition & emotion》2018,32(1):207-214
Task-irrelevant emotional expressions are known to capture attention, with the extent of “emotional capture” varying with psychopathic traits in antisocial samples. We investigated whether this variation extends throughout the continuum of psychopathic traits (and co-occurring trait anxiety) in a community sample. Participants (N?=?85) searched for a target face among facial distractors. As predicted, angry and fearful faces interfered with search, indicated by slower reaction times relative to neutral faces. When fear appeared as either target or distractor, diminished emotional capture was seen with increasing affective-interpersonal psychopathic traits. However, moderation analyses revealed that this was only when lifestyle-antisocial psychopathic traits were low, consistent with evidence suggesting that these two facets of psychopathic traits display opposing relationships with emotional reactivity. Anxiety did not show the predicted relationships with emotional capture effects. Findings show that normative variation in high-level individual differences in psychopathic traits influence automatic bias to emotional stimuli. 相似文献
34.
Sketching as a Technique to Eliciting Information and Cues to Deceit in Interpreter-Based Interviews
35.
The presence of a unique yet irrelevantsingleton in visual search or spatial-cuing tasks is typically associated with performance costs, suggesting that singletons tend to
capture attention. However, since singletons have always been spatially separated from targets in previous experiments, it
remains unclear whether an irrelevant visual singleton that occurs at the same spatial location as the target but at a different
point in time can produce temporal capture of attention. Here, we asked participants to search visual sequences at fixation
for targets defined by size (larger or smaller than the nontargets). The presence (vs. absence) of a color singleton lengthened
response times on the size discrimination task, suggesting that irrelevant singletons can lead to a temporal attentional capture. 相似文献
36.
37.
Thomas C. Dalton 《Developmental Review》1998,18(4):472-503
Myrtle McGraw's contribution to understanding infant growth and development is undisputed, but controversy stubbornly persists regarding her views about how the brain contributes to behavioral development. McGraw conducted a more complex analysis of neurobehavior than is generally acknowledged by those who characterize her position as maturationist. McGraw drew on several streams of scientific knowledge and philosophy in a collaboration that included John Dewey to advance a unique analysis of the ontogeny of the brain and consciousness that singled-out the reciprocal relationship between neural growth processes and experience in early development. McGraw's studies of the role of gravity, inhibition, and judgment in the integration of behavior particularly remain pertinent to researchers examining the neurobiological and quantum processes through which brain and behavior undergo transformation. 相似文献
38.
39.
家庭抗逆力理论是近年来风险应对研究领域中被引最高的理论之一。该理论的提出源自McCubbin等人对军人家庭应对战争危机的观察与思考,得益于早期学者对家庭压力和家庭系统理论的探究。经数次修订后,该理论经历了由静态特征到动态变化的发展过程,形成了一个具有较广泛内涵与外延的理论体系。其早期应用集中于创伤修复、家庭压力应对等主题,之后涉及复原力等更丰富的研究议题,已成为临床干预工作的实践导引和COVID-19大流行以来国家和社会、家庭和个体层面“危机事件—适应能力”关系的重要解释机制。其应用面临来自元理论研究、方法学及跨文化与社会变迁观点的挑战。未来研究应明晰概念与整合模型、使用混合方法与制定评估指标体系、强化家庭抗逆力理论的本土化研究与构建中国特色家庭抗逆力理论体系。 相似文献
40.
Predicting eating disorder group membership: an examination and extension of the sociocultural model
The purpose of this research was to examine and extend portions of the sociocultural model of bulimia nervosa (Stice, E. (1994). Review of the evidence for a sociocultural model of bulimia nervosa and an exploration of the mechanisms of action. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 633-661; Stice, E., & Agras, W. S. (1998). Predicting onset and cessation of bulimic behaviors during adolescence: A longitudinal grouping analysis. Behavior Therapy, 29, 257-276). Participants were women who reported engaging in binge eating at baseline and the 1-year follow-up (n = 26), women who began binge eating between these 2 points (n = 25), and women who did not report binge eating during the course of the study (n = 199). Results of the first discriminant function analysis provided support for the sociocultural model. However, the results of subsequent analyses suggest that additional variables, including stress, escape-avoidance coping, and interoceptive awareness, emerged as important. Implications of these findings for our understanding of the development and maintenance of binge eating are discussed. 相似文献