Neurophysiological research suggests our mental life is related to the cellular processes of particular nerves. In the spirit
of Occam’s razor, some authors take these connections as reductions of psychological terms and kinds to molecular- biological
mechanisms and patterns. Bickle’s ‘intervene cellularly/molecularly and track behaviourally’ reduction is one example of this.
Here the mental is being reduced to the physical in two steps. The first is, through genetically altered mammals, to causally
alter activity of particular nerve cells, i.e. neurons, at the molecular level and then, under controlled experimental conditions,
to use generally-accepted rules of behaviour within psychology to monitor the results of these manipulations. In this article,
we argue that Bickle’s case example for molecular reduction, i.e. the reduction of long-term memory to its cellular-molecular
mechanisms, cannot support his claims, because it turns out that his chosen molecular pathway is neither a sufficient nor
a necessary condition for the memory consolidation switch, and thus, instead of rejecting the multiple realization argument,
Bickle’s argument actually speaks in favour of it. Therefore the idea of reductive connections between our mental life and
the activity of particular nerves is, at present, still more fiction than reality. 相似文献
This paper deals with two issues. First, it identifies structured propositions with logical procedures. Second, it considers various rigorous definitions of the granularity of procedures, hence also of structured propositions, and comes out in favour of one of them. As for the first point, structured propositions are explicated as algorithmically structured procedures. I show that these procedures are structured wholes that are assigned to expressions as their meanings, and their constituents are sub-procedures occurring in executed mode (as opposed to displayed mode). Moreover, procedures are not mere aggregates of their parts; rather, procedural constituents mutually interact. As for the second point, there is no universal criterion of the structural isomorphism of meanings, hence of co-hyperintensionality, hence of synonymy for every kind of language. The positive result I present is an ordered set of rigorously defined criteria of fine-grained individuation in terms of the structure of procedures. Hence procedural semantics provides a solution to the problem of the granularity of co-hyperintensionality.
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - Jungian active imagination is a well known and valuable method in analytical psychology and psychotherapy. The present study assessed, for the first time,... 相似文献
