A Short Measure of the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory – RSQ17

The need for a research and practical tool, such as a short, reliable, and valid personality assessment test, suggests researchers to create shortened versions of original instruments. Reinforcement sensitivity questionnaire (RSQ) was created in line with some basic premises of revised Reinforcement sensitivity theory, which proposes three motivational and emotional systems: Behavioral inhibition system (BIS), responsible for scanning environment for potential threats, Behavioral activation system (BAS), responsible for aproaching behavior, and the Fight/Flight/Freeze system (FFFS), responsible for behavior in the present threat. RSQ comprises five scales: BIS, BAS, Fight, Flight, and Freeze. The aim of this study was to develop a short version of RSQ, which would be beneficial to both research and practical purposes. Item response theory analyses were used for item selection. The study comprised two samples of participants, whereby Sample 1 (N = 837, 34.6% male, aged 18 – 82, M = 31.63, SD = 13.54) served as the derivation sample, while Sample 2 (818 participants, 43.6% male, 18?75 years, M = 29.65, SD = 12.52) served as validation sample. Factorial validity of the short RSQ was examined on both Sample 1 and Sample 2. Convergent and divergent validity of the short RSQ was examined using RST-PQ, Jackson-5, BIS/BAS scales, and Big Five Inventory. The results point to satisfactory internal consistency, factorial validity, and construct validity of the short RSQ, suggesting that it is an adequate measure for research settings or other contexts which require the use of short personality questionnaires.     

Blind Speakers Show Language‐Specific Patterns in Co‐Speech Gesture but Not Silent Gesture

Sighted speakers of different languages vary systematically in how they package and order components of a motion event in speech. These differences influence how semantic elements are organized in gesture, but only when those gestures are produced with speech (co‐speech gesture), not without speech (silent gesture). We ask whether the cross‐linguistic similarity in silent gesture is driven by the visuospatial structure of the event. We compared 40 congenitally blind adult native speakers of English or Turkish (20/language) to 80 sighted adult speakers (40/language; half with, half without blindfolds) as they described three‐dimensional motion scenes. We found an effect of language on co‐speech gesture, not on silent gesture—blind speakers of both languages organized their silent gestures as sighted speakers do. Humans may have a natural semantic organization that they impose on events when conveying them in gesture without language—an organization that relies on neither visuospatial cues nor language structure.     

肾移植术后糖尿病临床高危险因素分析

探讨移植后糖尿病发生的高危因素。116例受者分为糖尿病组（22例）和非糖尿病组（94例）。对可能危险因素进行χ^2检验后显示术前肝功、糖耐量正常、术后用小量激素、CSA方案并血药浓度正常的患者糖尿病发生率低于相对应组,而性别、年龄、糖尿病家族史相比,P〉0．05。说明肝功能、糖耐量、激素量、免疫抑制剂及药物浓度是移植后糖尿病发生的危险因素。     

近视激光手术治疗几个问题的探讨

通过对ICD-10中涉及亚健康的相关类目分析,阐述了亚健康的概念范畴、相关症状表现、相关因素以及防范和纠正,尤其详细论述了亚健康的重点——疲劳状态。“亚健康”,本质上主要是一类心身失调,其防范或纠正,不能只依赖药物、食物等生物学手段,而应更多地借助认知疗法、心理调整、行为纠治等非生物学手段。此外,笔者还创新性的提出：在未来的《ICD》中专列亚健康类目的构想。     

英国健康战略的特点及启示

介绍了英国健康战略的出台背景、战略愿景、目标、优先发展领域和具体的行动计划,在此基础上总结了英国健康战略实施过程的基本特点与经验,并提出了对我国制定和实施“健康中国2020”战略的相关启示。     

2404例农民工急诊医疗现状调查与对策研究

为调查进城农民工急诊医疗现状,对2404例急诊住院治疗的农民工进行项目的回顾性调查研究。其中青壮年占79．1％,低学历占86．5％,创伤占83．7％,自费占76．9％;同时,统计显示,医疗欠费逐年增高。目前急诊医疗问题比较复杂,医疗保障制度不完善,医疗卫生资源分配不公平。为了改变这种局面,应当完善农民工的医疗保障机制,从制度上解决农民工急诊医疗问题。     

论遗传咨询和保健服务的科技保障与伦理优先

就遗传咨询服务及相关保健服务过程中涉及到的科技保障与伦理优先的问题进行了讨论。对在遗传咨询服务和产前诊断技术服务中的有关伦理问题提出了一些见解。认为,科技保障是遗传咨询和相关保健服务的基础,而伦理优先则是传咨询和相关保健服务的道德规范。只有在符合道德规范前提下的技术服务,才是真正科学的技术服务。     

医药代表问题及其法律规制

近年我国医药行业不断发展,其营销人员的数量也在膨胀,从而引发了药品购销中的一系列问题,而医药代表在其中扮演着重要角色。由此,“医药代表问题”已引起人们的反感;国家和医院也采取不少措施打击,但收效甚微。医药代表问题成为社会热点。分析医药代表问题的社会成因,提出法律规制,旨在促进这一行业健康发展。     

病理诊断的局限及其应对措施

病理诊断是诊断疾病的基本方法之一,是许多疾病的最终诊断,被许多人称为临床诊断的“金标准”。但由于病理诊断技术存在的一些主观和客观因素的影响,病理诊断也存在局限性,并且这些诊断的局限常常会引起误诊漏诊和医患纠纷。如何能在工作中尽可能地克服病理诊断的局限,使其更好地为临床和患者服务。结合临床病理实践的具体工作,对病理诊断的局限性进行简要分析,并提出相关的应对措施。     

关于手术戒毒规范化开展的思考

吸毒成瘾是严重的医学和社会学问题。国内、外对吸毒成瘾采取的治疗方案由脱毒、防复吸和回归社会三个相互关联的方法构成。但收效甚微,复吸率居高不下。西安第四军医大学唐都医院神经外科在动物实验和借鉴以往经验的基础上,将立体定向技术用于毁损脑内与毒品心理依赖密切相关的关键位点的异常部分,对其异常功能进行调整,从而达到彻底戒毒的目的,取得了良好的疗效。本文介绍了手术戒毒在我国的发展历史,提出了规范化开展手术戒毒的建议。