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921.
Peter J. Bieling Karen Rowa Martin M. Antony Laura J. Summerfeldt Richard P. Swinson 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2001,23(4):223-230
The Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale (IIRS) is a measure designed to assess the impact of illness on various domains of functioning (G. M. Devins, 1994). In anxiety disordered patients, illness intrusiveness ratings are higher than those of chronically ill medical patients, suggesting that the IIRS may have a different underlying structure in a sample of individuals with anxiety disorders. To examine this possibility, IIRS items were submitted to an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in 2 samples (total N = 294). These solutions were compared to solutions in chronically ill populations from a previous study. In the exploratory analysis, both a one-factor and a three-factor solution were identified, accounting for 42 and 61% of the variance, respectively. Confirmatory analyses showed adequate similarity between the three-factor structure of the IIRS from a medically ill population and the current three-factor structure, suggesting that elevated IIRS scores in anxiety disordered samples cannot be explained simply by a different structure of the instrument. 相似文献
922.
This investigation examined whether repressors, individuals who seem especially reactive to emotional stimuli, would attempt
to control their emotional reactions to unpleasant events, and whether such attempts would impair repressors’ recall for those
stimuli. Participants viewed either an unpleasant or an emotionally neutral film and then reported their mood following the
film and their recall memory for details in the film. Repressors reported a more pleasant mood than nonrepressors after the
unpleasant film. Repressors did not, however, differ from non-repressors in their memory for details in the film. The results
suggest that while repressors are efficient regulators of emotion, the cognitive effects of the repressive coping style are
less clear.
This research was supported by a University of Plymouth QR grant to the first author. 相似文献
923.
924.
Martin A. Conway Stephen A. Dewhurst Neil Pearson Ajay Sapute 《Applied cognitive psychology》2001,15(6):673-686
Hirshman and Lanning ( 1999 ) ‘failed to replicate’ findings reported by Conway and Dewhurst ( 1995 ). There were, however, critical differences in design between the two sets of experiments. For example, Hirshman and Lanning used a within‐subject design and a short retention interval, whereas Conway and Dewhurst used a between‐subjects design and longer retention intervals. We demonstrate in a new series of experiments that the Conway and Dewhurst findings do replicate when the correct design is used and, moreover, we show that the design differences in Hirshman and Lanning's experiments account for their findings. Finally, we develop an account in terms of the self that can explain the complex pattern of findings, a pattern which lies beyound the scope of simple trace strength models of memory. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
925.
The accurate interpretation of large numbers of neuropsychological tests within a flexible battery approach is a difficult and sometimes controversial process. We present a statistically based method of interpretation (Rohling's Interpretive Method or RIM) and evaluation of neuropsychological data that allows for varying numbers of tests along a varying number of cognitive domains, yet remains psychometrically based. This method requires informed clinical judgment in that the level of confidence for tests, cognitive domains, and global indices are used as the backdrop for interpretive decisions. Specific procedures for use are presented in a systematic, detailed fashion to allow the interested reader to replicate the method. Two case examples are presented: a straightforward case of cerebrovascular insult and a more complicated case of mixed etiology. Examples include a variety of different neuropsychological tests commonly used in a flexible battery approach. A discussion of the practicality, ease of use, and potential limitations of this method are further presented. 相似文献
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928.
Peter Martin 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2001,1(3):163-166
This paper offers an appreciative critique of Kim Etherington's recent book, Narrative Approaches to Working with Adult Male Survivors of Male Child Sexual Abuse. I discuss the issues raised in the book with reference to one of my current clients. Etherington does not produce new substantive theory: the power of this work is in the narrative. Her important contribution lies in the reflexivity with which she encounters her material. The use of critical reflexivity challenges the subject/object dichotomy inherent in much positivistic research, and presents a much‐needed approach to process that is congruent with the lived experience of counselling. I would suggest that research is more likely to succeed in informing practice if the material is open to personal interpretation by the reader/therapist. Further, I would claim that the activity of using research creatively is itself a heuristic process: useful learning is most likely to occur if the dialogic relationship with the client and therapist is mirrored in the relationship between the therapist and the research text. 相似文献
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930.
The Internet has been exploited successfully in the past as a medium for behavioral research. This paper presents a series of studies designed to assess Internet-based measures of drivers’ risk-taking behavior. First, we compared responses from an Internet sample with a traditional pencil-and-paper sample using established questionnaire measures of risk taking. No significant differences were found. Second, we assessed the validity of new Internet-based instruments, involving photographs and photographic animations, that measured speed, gap acceptance, and passing. Responses were found to reflect known demographic patterns of actual behavior to some degree. Also, a roadside survey of speeds was carried out at the locations depicted in the photographic measure of speeding and, with certain exceptions, differences between the two appeared to be constant. Third, a between-subject experimental manipulation involving the photographic animation measure of gap acceptance was used to demonstrate one application of these techniques. 相似文献