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201.
Four studies demonstrated that increasing a desirable commodity's scarcity (i.e., decreasing its supply or increasing demand for it) can inhibit people from claiming the commodity for themselves, thereby delaying its consumption. In Study 1, participants were slower to claim a commodity when its supply was limited versus unlimited. In Study 2, participants expressed more disapproval of someone who took the last commodity compared to the second-last commodity. Participants in Study 3 anticipated that increased demand for a commodity would make them less likely to claim it despite wanting it more. Study 4 showed that the more participants there were who could claim a commodity, the longer it went unclaimed. The inhibitory effect of scarcity was mediated by diminished entitlement to the commodity (Study 3), and increasing entitlement reduced the inhibition against taking scarce commodities (Studies 1 and 2). These findings are discussed in the context of individuals' concern with equality. 相似文献
202.
Role ambiguity was examined as a moderator of occupational self-efficacy and job satisfaction on the basis of the data obtained from 280 employees of U.S. housing finance agencies in four states. The interaction effect was found to be small but significant. The practical implications of role ambiguity at different levels of occupational self-efficacy were discussed. The value of reducing role ambiguity is higher for those who have low self-efficacy. The theoretical implications of the findings support the inclusion of dispositional and situational interactions in research regarding job satisfaction. 相似文献
203.
Lourdes P. Dale Emily A. O'Hara Rachel Schein Lorinn Inserra Julie Keen Marci Flores Stephen W. Porges 《Infant mental health journal》2011,32(4):473-486
This study investigated whether measures of infant temperament, regulatory disorders, and physiological reactivity and concurrent measures of family environment were predictors of child behavior problems at 54 months of age. The sample consisted of 23 children–mother dyads. The sample recruitment strategy emphasized testing both typical and fussy/difficult infants at 9 months of age. Children were categorized into low and high behavioral problem groups at 54 months of age. The children in the high behavioral problem group were more likely at 9 months to have been temperamentally difficult, to have been classified as regulatory disordered, and to have displayed respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) regulation difficulties. These children also were more likely to come from families described as less cohesive and providing less focus on active/recreational activities when the children were 54 months old. A logistic regression analysis, including only the 9‐month infant measures (i.e., difficultness, regulatory disorders classification, and RSA regulation), resulted in a significant model with 100.0% accurate classification into high or low behavioral problem groups. Data suggest that infant measures of behavioral and physiological state regulation may be early indicators of child behavior problems, especially internalizing problems. 相似文献
204.
360-degree feedback has great promise as a method for creating both behavior change and organization change, yet research
demonstrating results to this effect has been mixed. The mixed results are, at least in part, because of the high degree of
variation in design features across 360 processes. We identify four characteristics of a 360 process that are required to
successfully create organization change, (1) relevant content, (2) credible data, (3) accountability, and (4) census participation,
and cite the important research issues in each of those areas relative to design decisions. In addition, when behavior change
is created, the data must be sufficiently reliable to detect it, and we highlight current and needed research in the measurement
domain, using response scale research as a prime example. 相似文献
205.
Self-affirmation, reflecting on one's defining personal values, increases acceptance of threatening information, but does it do so at the cost of inducing undue alarm in people at low risk of harm? We contrast an alarm model, wherein self-affirmation simply increases response to threat, with a calibration model, wherein self-affirmation increases sensitivity to the self-relevance of health-risk information. Female seafood consumers (N = 165) completed a values self-affirmation or control task before reading a U.S. Food and Drug Administration brochure on mercury in seafood. Findings support the calibration model: Among frequent seafood consumers, self-affirmation generally increased concern (reports of depth of thought, personal message relevance, perceived risk, and negative affect) for those high in defensiveness and reduced it for those low in defensiveness. Among infrequent consumers of seafood, self-affirmation typically reduced concern. Thus, self-affirmation increased the sensitivity with which women at different levels of risk, and at different levels of defensiveness, responded cognitively and affectively to the materials. 相似文献
206.
Dale Tuggy 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2017,81(1-2):171-191
Roman Catholic theologians long denied that Jesus had faith in God, and Jesus having faith in God seems in conflict with traditional claims that Jesus is fully divine (Section II). What the New Testament means by “faith” is explored (Section III), and in light of this we consider arguments from orthodox Incarnation theory to the conclusion that Jesus did not have and could not have had faith in God (Section IV). Relevantly, the New Testament clearly asserts in five ways that Jesus had faith in God (Section V). This exposes problems for traditional Incarnation theories, some of which are addressed by recent “Kenosis” accounts. But these too are problematic (Section VI). 相似文献
207.
Some people report that they argue for play. We question whether and how often such arguments are mutually entertaining for
both participants. Play is a frame for arguing, and the framing may not always be successful in laminating the eristic nature
of interpersonal argumentation. Previous research and theory suggest that playfulness may be associated with aggression. Respondents
(N = 199) supplied self-report data on their arguing behaviors and orientations. We found support for the hypothesis that self-reported
playfulness and aggression are directly associated. We found less evidence for our hypothesized inverse association between
self-reported playfulness and indices of cooperation and avoidance. Self-reports of playfulness are not significantly associated
with expert coders’ ratings of either playfulness or aggressiveness. The claim that an argument is playful should be met with
skepticism, although playful arguments are possible. 相似文献
208.
Dale Jamieson 《Science and engineering ethics》2010,16(3):431-445
In this paper I make the following claims. In order to see anthropogenic climate change as clearly involving moral wrongs
and global injustices, we will have to revise some central concepts in these domains. Moreover, climate change threatens another
value (“respect for nature”) that cannot easily be taken up by concerns of global justice or moral responsibility. 相似文献
209.
Dale Jacquette 《Metaphilosophy》2005,36(5):568-577
Abstract: In his philosophy of culture, Joseph Margolis maintains that, although human beings and human societies have a history, there is no human nature in the sense of a fixed essence. I consider objections to Margolis's thesis, beginning with the possibility that nonhuman intelligent species might be in a position to study human behavior from its origins to its demise with the proper distance from our own situation in order to arrive at an understanding of what is essential to human nature, perhaps as a Kantian regulative rather than constitutive principle, and involving abstractions from particular cases and idealizations, as in other branches of science. Finally, I examine the historical-past orientation of Margolis's concept of humanity's self-understanding and its dependence on the intentionality of human thought, and I conclude that it provides an inadequate reason for denying that there can be such a thing as human nature. 相似文献
210.
Choice behavior researchers (e.g., Bazerman, Loewenstein, & White, 1992 ) have found that individuals tend to choose a more lucrative but disadvantageously unequal payoff (e.g., self—$600/other—$800) over a less profitable but equal one (e.g., self—$500/other—$500); greater profit trumps interpersonal social comparison concerns in the choice setting. We suggest, however, that self‐categorization (e.g., Hogg, 2000 ) can shift interpersonal social comparison concerns to the intergroup level and make trading disadvantageous inequality for greater profit more difficult. Studies 1–3 show that profit maximization diminishes when recipients belong to different social categories (e.g., genders, universities). Study 2 further implicates self‐categorization, as self‐categorized individuals tend to forgo profit whether making a choice for themselves or another ingroup member. Study 3, moreover, reveals that social categorization alone is not sufficient to diminish profit maximization; individuals must self‐categorize and identify with their categorization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献